BORUZU is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma.

BORUZU is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with mantle cell lymphoma.

BORUZU is for intravenous or subcutaneous use only. Do not administer BORUZU by any other route.

Because each route of administration has a different final concentration, use caution when calculating the volume to be administered.

The recommended starting dose of BORUZU is 1.3 mg/m². BORUZU is administered intravenously at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, or subcutaneously at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL [see Dosage and Administration (2.10)]. 

BORUZU retreatment may be considered for patients with multiple myeloma who had previously responded to treatment with BORUZU and who have relapsed at least six months after completing prior BORUZU treatment. Treatment may be started at the last tolerated dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.6)].

When administered intravenously, administer BORUZU as a 3 to 5 second bolus intravenous injection.

BORUZU is administered in combination with oral melphalan and oral prednisone for 9, six week treatment cycles as shown in Table 1. In Cycles 1 to 4, BORUZU is administered twice weekly (Days 1, 4, 8, 11, 22, 25, 29 and 32). In Cycles 5 to 9, BORUZU is administered once weekly (Days 1, 8, 22 and 29). At least 72 hours should elapse between consecutive doses of BORUZU.

Table 1: Dosage Regimen for Patients with Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma

Twice Weekly BORUZU (Cycles 1 to 4)
Week	1				2		3	4		5		6
BORUZU (1.3 mg/m2)	Day 1	--	--	Day 4	Day 8	Day 11	rest period	Day 22	Day 25	Day 29	Day 32	rest period
Melphalan (9 mg/m2) Prednisone (60 mg/m2)	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4	--	--	rest period	--	--	--	--	rest period
Once Weekly BORUZU (Cycles 5 to 9 when used in combination with Melphalan and Prednisone)
Week	1				2		3	4		5		6
BORUZU (1.3 mg/m2)	Day 1	--	--		Day 8		rest period	Day 22		Day 29		rest period
Melphalan (9 mg/m2) Prednisone (60 mg/m2)	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4	--	--	rest period	--	--	--	--	rest period

Prior to initiating any cycle of therapy with BORUZU in combination with melphalan and prednisone:

• Platelet count should be at least 70 x 10⁹/L and the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) should be at least 1 x 10⁹/L
• Nonhematological toxicities should have resolved to Grade 1 or baseline

Table 2: Dosage Modifications During Cycles of Combination BORUZU, Melphalan and Prednisone Therapy

Toxicity	Dose Modification or Delay
Hematological toxicity during a cycle: If prolonged Grade 4 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia, or thrombocytopenia with bleeding is observed in the previous cycle	Consider reduction of the melphalan dose by 25% in the next cycle
If platelet count is not above 30 × 109/L or ANC is not above 0.75 x 109/L on a BORUZU dosing day (other than Day 1)	Withhold BORUZU dose
If several BORUZU doses in consecutive cycles are withheld due to toxicity	Reduce BORUZU dose by one dose level (from 1.3 mg/m2 to 1 mg/m2, or from 1 mg/m2 to 0.7 mg/m2)
Grade 3 or higher nonhematological toxicities	Withhold BORUZU therapy until symptoms of toxicity have resolved to Grade 1 or baseline. Then, BORUZU may be reinitiated with one dose level reduction (from 1.3 mg/m2 to 1 mg/m2, or from 1 mg/m2 to 0.7 mg/m2). For BORUZU-related neuropathic pain and/or peripheral neuropathy, hold or modify BORUZU as outlined in Table 5.

For information concerning melphalan and prednisone, see manufacturer's prescribing information.

Dose modifications guidelines for peripheral neuropathy are provided [see Dosage and Administration (2.7)].

BORUZU (1.3 mg/m²) is administered intravenously in combination with intravenous rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and oral prednisone (BR-CAP) for 6, three week treatment cycles as shown in Table 3. BORUZU is administered first followed by rituximab. BORUZU is administered twice weekly for two weeks (Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) followed by a ten day rest period on Days 12 to 21. For patients with a response first documented at Cycle 6, two additional BR-CAP cycles are recommended. At least 72 hours should elapse between consecutive doses of BORUZU.

Table 3: Dosage Regimen for Patients with Previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Twice Weekly BORUZU (6, Three Week Cycles)*
Week	1					2		3
BORUZU (1.3 mg/m2)	Day 1	-­	-­	Day 4	-­	Day 8	Day 11	rest period
Rituximab (375 mg/m2) Cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2) Doxorubicin (50 mg/m2)	Day 1	-­	-­			-­	-­	rest period
Prednisone (100 mg/m2)	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4	Day 5	-­	-­	rest period
* Dosing may continue for two more cycles (for a total of eight cycles) if response is first seen at Cycle 6.

Prior to the first day of each cycle (other than Cycle 1):

• Platelet count should be at least 100 x 10⁹/L and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) should be at least 1.5 x 10⁹/L
• Hemoglobin should be at least 8 g/dL (at least 4.96 mmol/L)
• Nonhematologic toxicity should have recovered to Grade 1 or baseline

Interrupt BORUZU treatment at the onset of any Grade 3 hematologic or nonhematological toxicities, excluding neuropathy [see Table 5, Warnings and Precautions (5)]. For dose adjustments, see Table 4 below.

Table 4: Dosage Modifications on Days 4, 8, and 11 During Cycles of Combination BORUZU, Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and Prednisone Therapy

Toxicity	Dosage Modification or Delay
Hematological Toxicity
Grade 3 or higher neutropenia, or a platelet count not at or above 25 x 109/L	Withhold BORUZU therapy for up to 2 weeks until the patient has an ANC at or above 0.75 x 109/L and a platelet count at or above 25 x 109/L. If, after BORUZU has been withheld, the toxicity does not resolve, discontinue BORUZU. If toxicity resolves such that the patient has an ANC at or above 0.75 x 109/L and a platelet count at or above 25 x 109/L, BORUZU dose should be reduced by 1 dose level (from 1.3 mg/m2to 1 mg/m2, or from 1 mg/m2to 0.7 mg/m2).
Grade 3 or higher nonhematological toxicities	Withhold BORUZU therapy until symptoms of the toxicity have resolved to Grade 2 or better. Then, BORUZU may be reinitiated with one dose level reduction (from 1.3 mg/m2 to 1 mg/m2, or from 1 mg/m2 to 0.7 mg/m2). For BORUZU-related neuropathic pain and/or peripheral neuropathy, hold or modify BORUZU as outlined in Table 5.

For information concerning rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone, see manufacturer's prescribing information.

BORUZU (1.3 mg/m²/dose) is administered twice weekly for two weeks (Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) followed by a ten day rest period (Days 12 to 21). For extended therapy of more than eight cycles, BORUZU may be administered on the standard schedule or, for relapsed multiple myeloma, on a maintenance schedule of once weekly for four weeks (Days 1, 8, 15, and 22) followed by a 13 day rest period (Days 23 to 35) [see Clinical Studies (14)]. At least 72 hours should elapse between consecutive doses of BORUZU.

Patients with multiple myeloma who have previously responded to treatment with BORUZU (either alone or in combination) and who have relapsed at least six months after their prior BORUZU therapy may be started on BORUZU at the last tolerated dose. Retreated patients are administered BORUZU twice weekly (Days 1, 4, 8, and 11) every three weeks for a maximum of eight cycles. At least 72 hours should elapse between consecutive doses of BORUZU. BORUZU may be administered either as a single agent or in combination with dexamethasone [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

BORUZU therapy should be withheld at the onset of any Grade 3 nonhematological or Grade 4 hematological toxicities excluding neuropathy as discussed below [see Warnings and Precautions (5)]. Once the symptoms of the toxicity have resolved, BORUZU therapy may be reinitiated at a 25% reduced dose (1.3 mg/m²/dose reduced to 1 mg/m²/dose; 1 mg/m²/dose reduced to 0.7 mg/m²/dose).

For dosage modifications guidelines for peripheral neuropathy see section 2.7.

Starting BORUZU subcutaneously may be considered for patients with pre-existing or at high risk of peripheral neuropathy. Patients with pre-existing severe neuropathy should be treated with BORUZU only after careful risk-benefit assessment.

Patients experiencing new or worsening peripheral neuropathy during BORUZU therapy may require a decrease in the dose and/or a less dose-intense schedule.

For dose or schedule modification guidelines for patients who experience BORUZU-related neuropathic pain and/or peripheral neuropathy, see Table 5.

Table 5: Recommended Dosage Modification for BORUZU-Related Neuropathic Pain and/or Peripheral Sensory or Motor Neuropathy

Severity of Peripheral Neuropathy Signs and Symptoms*	Modification of Dose and Regimen
Grade 1 (asymptomatic; loss of deep tendon reflexes or paresthesia) without pain or loss of function	No action
Grade 1 with pain or Grade 2 (moderate symptoms; limiting instrumental Activities of Daily Living (ADL)†)	Reduce BORUZU to 1 mg/m2
Grade 2 with pain or Grade 3 (severe symptoms; limiting self care ADL‡)	Withhold BORUZU therapy until toxicity resolves. When toxicity resolves reinitiate with a reduced dose of BORUZU at 0.7 mg/m2 once per week.
Grade 4 (life-threatening consequences; urgent intervention indicated)	Discontinue BORUZU
* Grading based on NCI Common Terminology Criteria CTCAE v4.0 † Instrumental ADL: refers to preparing meals, shopping for groceries or clothes, using telephone, managing money, etc. ‡ Self care ADL: refers to bathing, dressing and undressing, feeding self, using the toilet, taking medications, and not bedridden

Do not adjust the starting dose for patients with mild hepatic impairment.

Start patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment at a reduced dose of 0.7 mg/m² per injection during the first cycle, and consider subsequent dose escalation to 1 mg/m² or further dose reduction to 0.5 mg/m² based on patient tolerance (see Table 6) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Table 6: Recommended Starting Dose Modification for BORUZU in Patients with Hepatic Impairment

	Bilirubin Level	SGOT (AST) Levels	Modification of Starting Dose
Mild	Less than or equal to 1 × ULN	More than ULN	None
	More than 1 × to 1.5 x ULN	Any	None
Moderate	More than 1.5 × to 3 × ULN	Any	Reduce BORUZU to 0.7 mg/m2 in the first cycle. Consider dose escalation to 1 mg/m2 or further dose reduction to 0.5 mg/m2 in subsequent cycles based on patient tolerability.
Severe	More than 3 × ULN	Any
Abbreviations: SGOT = serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ULN = upper limit of the normal range.

The drug quantity contained in one vial may exceed the usual dose required. Use caution in calculating the dose to prevent overdose [see Dosage and Administration (2.10)].

When administered subcutaneously, sites for each injection (thigh or abdomen) should be rotated. New injections should be given at least one inch from an old site and never into areas where the site is tender, bruised, erythematous, or indurated.

If local injection site reactions occur following BORUZU administration subcutaneously, a less concentrated BORUZU (1 mg/mL instead of 2.5 mg/mL) may be administered subcutaneously [see Dosage and Administration (2.10)]. Alternatively, consider use of the

intravenous route of administration [see Dosage and Administration (2.10)].

BORUZU is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.¹

Use proper aseptic technique.

Instructions for Intravenous Administration

Dilute each vial with 2.1 mL of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection  only to obtain a final concentration of 1 mg/mL (see Table 7). The diluted solution should be clear and colorless.

Table 7: Dilution Volume and Final Concentration for Intravenous Administration

Route of Administration	Strength	Diluent (0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection)	Final BORUZU Concentration (mg/mL)
Intravenous	3.5 mg/1.4 mL	2.1 mL	1 mg/mL

Instructions for Subcutaneous Administration

No dilution is required for subcutaneous route of administration.

The concentration of bortezomib for subcutaneous administration (2.5 mg/mL) is greater than the diluted concentration of bortezomib for intravenous administration (1 mg/mL). Use caution when calculating the volume to be administered because each route of administration has a different final concentration.

Stickers that indicate the route of administration are provided with each BORUZU vial.  Place the sticker directly on the syringe of BORUZU once the required volume of BORUZU has been withdrawn from the vial to help to alert practitioners of the correct route of administration for BORUZU.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. If any discoloration or particulate matter is observed, the diluted product should not be used. Discard any unused portion.

Stability

BORUZU contains no antimicrobial preservative. The diluted product may be stored in the original vial and/or syringe at room temperature (20°C to 25°C [68°F to 77°F]) for up to 8 hours prior to use when exposed to normal indoor lighting.

BORUZU treatment causes a peripheral neuropathy that is predominantly sensory; however, cases of severe sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy have been reported. Patients with pre-existing symptoms (numbness, pain or a burning feeling in the feet or hands) and/or signs of peripheral neuropathy may experience worsening peripheral neuropathy (including ≥ Grade 3) during treatment with BORUZU. Patients should be monitored for symptoms of neuropathy, such as a burning sensation, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia, paresthesia, discomfort, neuropathic pain or weakness. In the Phase 3 relapsed multiple myeloma trial comparing BORUZU subcutaneous vs intravenous, the incidence of Grade ≥ 2 peripheral neuropathy was 24% for subcutaneous and 39% for intravenous. Grade ≥ 3 peripheral neuropathy occurred in 6% of patients in the subcutaneous treatment group, compared with 15% in the intravenous treatment group [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Starting BORUZU subcutaneously may be considered for patients with pre-existing or at high risk of peripheral neuropathy.

Patients experiencing new or worsening peripheral neuropathy during BORUZU therapy may require a decrease in the dose and/or a less dose-intense schedule [see Dosage and Administration (2.7)]. In the BORUZU vs dexamethasone Phase 3 relapsed multiple myeloma study, improvement in or resolution of peripheral neuropathy was reported in 48% of patients with ≥ Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy following dose adjustment or interruption. Improvement in or resolution of peripheral neuropathy was reported in 73% of patients who discontinued due to Grade 2 neuropathy or who had ≥ Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy in the Phase 2 multiple myeloma studies. The long-term outcome of peripheral neuropathy has not been studied in mantle cell lymphoma.

The incidence of hypotension (postural, orthostatic, and hypotension NOS) was 8% [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. These events are observed throughout therapy. Patients with a history of syncope, patients receiving medications known to be associated with hypotension, and patients who are dehydrated may be at increased risk of hypotension. Management of orthostatic/postural hypotension may include adjustment of antihypertensive medications, hydration, and administration of mineralocorticoids and/or sympathomimetics.

Acute development or exacerbation of congestive heart failure and new onset of decreased left ventricular ejection fraction have occurred during BORUZU therapy, including reports in patients with no risk factors for decreased left ventricular ejection fraction [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Patients with risk factors for, or existing heart disease should be frequently monitored. In the relapsed multiple myeloma study of BORUZU vs dexamethasone, the incidence of any treatment-related cardiac disorder was 8% and 5% in the BORUZU and dexamethasone groups, respectively. The incidence of adverse reactions suggestive of heart failure (acute pulmonary edema, pulmonary edema, cardiac failure, congestive cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock) was ≤ 1% for each individual reaction in the BORUZU group. In the dexamethasone group the incidence was ≤ 1% for cardiac failure and congestive cardiac failure; there were no reported reactions of acute pulmonary edema, pulmonary edema, or cardiogenic shock. There have been isolated cases of QT-interval prolongation in clinical studies; causality has not been established.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and acute diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease of unknown etiology such as pneumonitis, interstitial pneumonia, lung infiltration have occurred in patients receiving BORUZU. Some of these events have been fatal.

In a clinical trial, the first two patients given high-dose cytarabine (2 g/m² per day) by continuous infusion with daunorubicin and BORUZU for relapsed acute myelogenous leukemia died of ARDS early in the course of therapy.

There have been reports of pulmonary hypertension associated with bortezomib administration in the absence of left heart failure or significant pulmonary disease.

In the event of new or worsening cardiopulmonary symptoms, consider interrupting BORUZU until a prompt and comprehensive diagnostic evaluation is conducted.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES; formerly termed Reversible Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome (RPLS)) has occurred in patients receiving BORUZU. PRES is a rare, reversible, neurological disorder which can present with seizure, hypertension, headache, lethargy, confusion, blindness, and other visual and neurological disturbances. Brain imaging, preferably MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), is used to confirm the diagnosis. In patients developing PRES, discontinue BORUZU. The safety of reinitiating BORUZU therapy in patients previously experiencing PRES is not known.

BORUZU treatment can cause nausea, diarrhea, constipation, and vomiting [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)] sometimes requiring use of antiemetic and antidiarrheal medications. Ileus can occur. Fluid and electrolyte replacement should be administered to prevent dehydration. Interrupt BORUZU for severe symptoms.

BORUZU is associated with thrombocytopenia and neutropenia that follow a cyclical pattern with nadirs occurring following the last dose of each cycle and typically recovering prior to initiation of the subsequent cycle. The cyclical pattern of platelet and neutrophil decreases and recovery remain consistent in the studies of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma, with no evidence of cumulative thrombocytopenia or neutropenia in the treatment regimens studied.

Monitor complete blood counts (CBC) frequently during treatment with BORUZU. Measure platelet counts prior to each dose of BORUZU. Adjust dose/schedule for thrombocytopenia [ see Dosage and Administration (2.6)]. Gastrointestinal and intracerebral hemorrhage has occurred during thrombocytopenia in association with BORUZU. Support with transfusions and supportive care, according to published guidelines.

In the single agent, relapsed multiple myeloma study of BORUZU vs dexamethasone, the mean platelet count nadir measured was approximately 40% of baseline. The severity of thrombocytopenia related to pretreatment platelet count is shown in Table 8. The incidence of bleeding (≥ Grade 3) was 2% on the BORUZU arm and was < 1% in the dexamethasone arm.

Table 8: Severity of Thrombocytopenia Related to Pretreatment Platelet Count in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of BORUZU vs Dexamethasone

Pretreatment Platelet Count*	Number of Patients (N=331)‡	Number (%) of Patients with Platelet Count < 10,000/μL	Number (%) of Patients with Platelet Count 10,000 to 25,000/μL
≥ 75,000/μL	309	8 (3%)	36 (12%)
≥ 50,000/μL to < 75,000/μL	14	2 (14%)	11 (79%)
≥ 10,000/μL to < 50,000/μL	7	1 (14%)	5 (71%)
* A baseline platelet count of 50,000/μL was required for study eligibility ‡ Data were missing at baseline for one patient

In the combination study of BORUZU with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone (BR-CAP) in previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma patients, the incidence of thrombocytopenia (≥ Grade 4) was 32% vs 1% for the rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) arm as shown in Table 12. The incidence of bleeding events (≥ Grade  3) was 1.7% in the BR-CAP arm (four patients) and was 1.2% in the R-CHOP arm (three patients).

Platelet transfusions were given to 23% of the patients in the BR-CAP arm and 3% of the patients in the R-CHOP arm.

The incidence of neutropenia (≥ Grade 4) was 70% in the BR-CAP arm and was 52% in the R-CHOP arm. The incidence of febrile neutropenia (≥ Grade 4) was 5% in the BR-CAP arm and was 6% in the R-CHOP arm. Myeloid growth factor support was provided at a rate of 78% in the BR-CAP arm and 61% in the R-CHOP arm. 

Tumor lysis syndrome has been reported with BORUZU therapy. Patients at risk of tumor lysis syndrome are those with high tumor burden prior to treatment. Monitor patients closely and take appropriate precautions.

Cases of acute liver failure have been reported in patients receiving multiple concomitant medications and with serious underlying medical conditions. Other reported hepatic reactions include hepatitis, increases in liver enzymes, and hyperbilirubinemia. Interrupt BORUZU therapy to assess reversibility. There is limited rechallenge information in these patients.

Cases, sometimes fatal, of thrombotic microangiopathy, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP/HUS), have been reported in the postmarketing setting in patients who received BORUZU. Monitor for signs and symptoms of TTP/HUS. If the diagnosis is suspected, stop BORUZU and evaluate. If the diagnosis of TTP/HUS is excluded, consider restarting bortezomib. The safety of reinitiating BORUZU therapy in patients previously experiencing TTP/HUS is not known.

Based on the mechanism of action and findings in animals, BORUZU can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Bortezomib administered to rabbits during organogenesis at a dose approximately 0.5 times the clinical dose of 1.3 mg/m² based on body surface area caused postimplantation loss and a decreased number of live fetuses [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with BORUZU and for seven months following treatment. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with BORUZU and for four months following treatment. If BORUZU is used during pregnancy or if the patient becomes pregnant during BORUZU treatment, the patient should be apprised of the potential risk to the fetus [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3), Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

Summary of Clinical Trial in Patients with Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma

Table 9 describes safety data from 340 patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma who received BORUZU (1.3 mg/m²) administered intravenously in combination with melphalan (9 mg/m²) and prednisone (60 mg/m²) in a prospective randomized study.

The safety profile of BORUZU in combination with melphalan/prednisone is consistent with the known safety profiles of both BORUZU and melphalan/prednisone.

Table 9: Most Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions (≥ 10% in the BORUZU, Melphalan and Prednisone Arm) with Grades 3 and ≥ 4 Intensity in the Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma Study

	BORUZU, Melphalan and Prednisone (n=340)			Melphalan and Prednisone (n=337)
Body System	Total	Toxicity Grade, n (%)		Total	Toxicity Grade, n (%)
Adverse Reaction	n (%)	3	≥ 4	n (%)	3	≥ 4
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders
Thrombocytopenia	164 (48)	60 (18)	57 (17)	140 (42)	48 (14)	39 (12)
Neutropenia	160 (47)	101 (30)	33 (10)	143 (42)	77 (23)	42 (12)
Anemia	109 (32)	41 (12)	4 (1)	156 (46)	61 (18)	18 (5)
Leukopenia	108 (32)	64 (19)	8 (2)	93 (28)	53 (16)	11 (3)
Lymphopenia	78 (23)	46 (14)	17 (5)	51 (15)	26 (8)	7 (2)
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Nausea	134 (39)	10 (3)	0	70 (21)	1 (< 1)	0
Diarrhea	119 (35)	19 (6)	2 (1)	20 (6)	1 (< 1)	0
Vomiting	87 (26)	13 (4)	0	41 (12)	2 (1)	0
Constipation	77 (23)	2 (1)	0	14 (4)	0	0
Abdominal pain upper	34 (10)	1 (< 1)	0	20 (6)	0	0
Nervous System Disorders
Peripheral neuropathy*	156 (46)	42 (12)	2 (1)	4 (1)	0	0
Neuralgia	117 (34)	27 (8)	2 (1)	1 (< 1)	0	0
Paresthesia	42 (12)	6 (2)	0	4 (1)	0	0
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions
Fatigue	85 (25)	19 (6)	2 (1)	48 (14)	4 (1)	0
Asthenia	54 (16)	18 (5)	0	23 (7)	3 (1)	0
Pyrexia	53 (16)	4 (1)	0	19 (6)	1 (< 1)	1 (< 1)
Infections and Infestations
Herpes Zoster	39 (11)	11 (3)	0	9 (3)	4 (1)	0
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders
Anorexia	64 (19)	6 (2)	0	19 (6)	0	0
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Rash	38 (11)	2 (1)	0	7 (2)	0	0
Psychiatric Disorders
Insomnia	35 (10)	1 (< 1)	0	21 (6)	0	0
* Represents High Level Term Peripheral Neuropathies NEC

Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Randomized Study of BORUZU vs Dexamethasone

The safety data described below and in Table 10 reflect exposure to either BORUZU (n=331) or dexamethasone (n=332) in a study of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. BORUZU was administered intravenously at doses of 1.3 mg/m² twice weekly for two out of three weeks (21 day cycle). After eight, 21 day cycles patients continued therapy for three, 35 day cycles on a weekly schedule. Duration of treatment was up to 11 cycles (nine months) with a median duration of six cycles (4.1 months). For inclusion in the trial, patients must have had measurable disease and one to three prior therapies. There was no upper age limit for entry. Creatinine clearance could be as low as 20 mL/min and bilirubin levels as high as 1.5 times the upper limit of normal. The overall frequency of adverse reactions was similar in men and women, and in patients < 65 and ≥ 65 years of age. Most patients were Caucasian [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

Among the 331 BORUZU-treated patients, the most commonly reported (> 20%) adverse reactions overall were nausea (52%), diarrhea (52%), fatigue (39%), peripheral neuropathies (35%), thrombocytopenia (33%), constipation (30%), vomiting (29%), and anorexia (21%). The most commonly reported (> 20%) adverse reaction reported among the 332 patients in the dexamethasone group was fatigue (25%). Eight percent (8%) of patients in the bortezomib-treated arm experienced a Grade 4 adverse reaction; the most common reactions were thrombocytopenia (4%) and neutropenia (2%). Nine percent (9%) of dexamethasone-treated patients experienced a Grade 4 adverse reaction. All individual dexamethasone-related Grade 4 adverse reactions were less than 1%.

Serious Adverse Reactions and Adverse Reactions Leading to Treatment Discontinuation in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of BORUZU vs Dexamethasone

Serious adverse reactions are defined as any reaction that results in death, is life-threatening, requires hospitalization or prolongs a current hospitalization, results in a significant disability, or is deemed to be an important medical event. A total of 80 (24%) patients from the bortezomib treatment arm experienced a serious adverse reaction during the study, as did 83 (25%) dexamethasone-treated patients. The most commonly reported serious adverse reactions in the bortezomib treatment arm were diarrhea (3%), dehydration, herpes zoster, pyrexia, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, and thrombocytopenia (2% each). In the dexamethasone treatment group, the most commonly reported serious adverse reactions were pneumonia (4%), hyperglycemia (3%), pyrexia, and psychotic disorder (2% each).

A total of 145 patients, including 84 (25%) of 331 patients in the bortezomib treatment group and 61 (18%) of 332 patients in the dexamethasone treatment group were discontinued from treatment due to adverse reactions. Among the 331 BORUZU-treated patients, the most commonly reported adverse reaction leading to discontinuation was peripheral neuropathy (8%). Among the 332 patients in the dexamethasone group, the most commonly reported adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation were psychotic disorder and hyperglycemia (2% each).

Four deaths were considered to be BORUZU-related in this relapsed multiple myeloma study: one case each of cardiogenic shock, respiratory insufficiency, congestive heart failure and cardiac arrest. Four deaths were considered dexamethasone-related: two cases of sepsis, one case of bacterial meningitis, and one case of sudden death at home.

Most Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of BORUZU vs Dexamethasone

The most common adverse reactions from the relapsed multiple myeloma study are shown in Table 10. All adverse reactions with incidence ≥ 10% in the BORUZU arm are included.

Table 10: Most Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions (≥ 10% in BORUZU Arm), with Grades 3 and 4 Intensity in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of BORUZU vs Dexamethasone (N=663)

Adverse Reactions	BORUZU (N=331)			Dexamethasone (N=332)
	All	Grade 3	Grade 4	All	Grade 3	Grade 4
Any Adverse Reactions	324 (98)	193 (58)	28 (8)	297 (89)	110 (33)	29 (9)
Nausea	172 (52)	8 (2)	0	31 (9)	0	0
Diarrhea NOS	171 (52)	22 (7)	0	36 (11)	2 (< 1)	0
Fatigue	130 (39)	15 (5)	0	82 (25)	8 (2)	0
Peripheral neuropathies*	115 (35)	23 (7)	2 (< 1)	14 (4)	0	1 (< 1)
Thrombocytopenia	109 (33)	80 (24)	12 (4)	11 (3)	5 (2)	1 (< 1)
Constipation	99 (30)	6 (2)	0	27 (8)	1 (< 1)	0
Vomiting NOS	96 (29)	8 (2)	0	10 (3)	1 (< 1)	0
Anorexia	68 (21)	8 (2)	0	8 (2)	1 (< 1)	0
Pyrexia	66 (20)	2 (< 1)	0	21 (6)	3 (< 1)	1 (< 1)
Paresthesia	64 (19)	5 (2)	0	24 (7)	0	0
Anemia NOS	63 (19)	20 (6)	1 (< 1)	21 (6)	8 (2)	0
Headache NOS	62 (19)	3 (< 1)	0	23 (7)	1 (< 1)	0
Neutropenia	58 (18)	37 (11)	8 (2)	1 (< 1)	1 (< 1)	0
Rash NOS	43 (13)	3 (< 1)	0	7 (2)	0	0
Appetite decreased NOS	36 (11)	0	0	12 (4)	0	0
Dyspnea NOS	35 (11)	11 (3)	1 (< 1)	37 (11)	7 (2)	1 (< 1)
Abdominal pain NOS	35 (11)	5 (2)	0	7 (2)	0	0
Weakness	34 (10)	10 (3)	0	28 (8)	8 (2)	0
*Represents High Level Term Peripheral Neuropathies NEC

Safety Experience from the Phase 2 Open-Label Extension Study in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

In the Phase 2 extension study of 63 patients, no new cumulative or new long-term toxicities were observed with prolonged BORUZU treatment. These patients were treated for a total of 5.3 to 23 months, including time on BORUZU in the prior BORUZU study [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

Safety Experience from the Phase 3 Open-Label Study of BORUZU Subcutaneous vs Intravenous in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma  

The safety and efficacy of BORUZU administered subcutaneously were evaluated in one Phase 3 study at the recommended dose of 1.3 mg/m². This was a randomized, comparative study of BORUZU subcutaneous vs intravenous in 222 patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. The safety data described below and in Table 11 reflect exposure to either BORUZU subcutaneous (N=147) or BORUZU intravenous (N=74) [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

Table 11: Most Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions (≥ 10%), with Grade 3 and ≥ 4 Intensity in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study (N=221) of BORUZU Subcutaneous vs Intravenous

	Subcutaneous			Intravenous
	(N=147)			(N=74)
Body System	Total	Toxicity Grade, n (%)		Total	Toxicity Grade, n (%)
Adverse Reaction	n (%)	3	≥ 4	n (%)	3	≥ 4
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders
Anemia	28 (19)	8 (5)	0	17 (23)	3 (4)	0
Leukopenia	26 (18)	8 (5)	0	15 (20)	4 (5)	1 (1)
Neutropenia	34 (23)	15 (10)	4 (3)	20 (27)	10 (14)	3 (4)
Thrombocytopenia	44 (30)	7 (5)	5 (3)	25 (34)	7 (9)	5 (7)
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Diarrhea	28 (19)	1 (1)	0	21 (28)	3 (4)	0
Nausea	24 (16)	0	0	10 (14)	0	0
Vomiting	13 (9)	3 (2)	0	8 (11)	0	0
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions
Asthenia	10 (7)	1 (1)	0	12 (16)	4 (5)	0
Fatigue	11 (7)	3 (2)	0	11 (15)	3 (4)	0
Pyrexia	18 (12)	0	0	6 (8)	0	0
Nervous System Disorders
Neuralgia	34 (23)	5 (3)	0	17 (23)	7 (9)	0
Peripheral neuropathies*	55 (37)	8 (5)	1 (1)	37 (50)	10 (14)	1 (1)
Note: Safety population: 147 patients in the subcutaneous treatment group and 74 patients in the intravenous treatment group who received at least one dose of study medication * Represents High Level Term Peripheral Neuropathies NEC

In general, safety data were similar for the subcutaneous and intravenous treatment groups. Differences were observed in the rates of some Grade ≥ 3 adverse reactions. Differences of ≥ 5% were reported in neuralgia (3% subcutaneous vs 9% intravenous), peripheral neuropathies (6% subcutaneous vs 15% intravenous), neutropenia (13% subcutaneous vs 18% intravenous), and thrombocytopenia (8% subcutaneous vs 16% intravenous).

A local reaction was reported in 6% of patients in the subcutaneous group, mostly redness. Only two (1%) patients were reported as having severe reactions, one case of pruritus and one case of redness. Local reactions led to reduction in injection concentration in one patient and drug discontinuation in one patient. Local reactions resolved in a median of six days.

Dose reductions occurred due to adverse reactions in 31% of patients in the subcutaneous treatment group compared with 43% of the intravenously-treated patients. The most common adverse reactions leading to a dose reduction included peripheral sensory neuropathy (17% in the subcutaneous treatment group compared with 31% in the intravenous treatment group); and neuralgia (11% in the subcutaneous treatment group compared with 19% in the intravenous treatment group).

Serious Adverse Reactions and Adverse Reactions Leading to Treatment Discontinuation in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study of BORUZU Subcutaneous vs Intravenous

The incidence of serious adverse reactions was similar for the subcutaneous treatment group (20%) and the intravenous treatment group (19%). The most commonly reported serious adverse reactions in the subcutaneous treatment arm were pneumonia and pyrexia (2% each). In the intravenous treatment group, the most commonly reported serious adverse reactions were pneumonia, diarrhea, and peripheral sensory neuropathy (3% each).

In the subcutaneous treatment group, 27 patients (18%) discontinued study treatment due to an adverse reaction compared with 17 patients (23%) in the intravenous treatment group. Among the 147 subcutaneously-treated patients, the most commonly reported adverse reactions leading to discontinuation were peripheral sensory neuropathy (5%) and neuralgia (5%). Among the 74 patients in the intravenous treatment group, the most commonly reported adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation were peripheral sensory neuropathy (9%) and neuralgia (9%).

Two patients (1%) in the subcutaneous treatment group and one (1%) patient in the intravenous treatment group died due to an adverse reaction during treatment. In the subcutaneous group the causes of death were one case of pneumonia and one case of sudden death. In the intravenous group the cause of death was coronary artery insufficiency.

Safety Experience from the Clinical Trial in Patients with Previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma

Table 12 describes safety data from 240 patients with previously untreated mantle cell lymphoma who received bortezomib (1.3 mg/m²) administered intravenously in combination with rituximab (375 mg/m²), cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m²), doxorubicin (50 mg/m²), and prednisone (100 mg/m²) (BR-CAP) in a prospective randomized study.

Infections were reported for 31% of patients in the BR-CAP arm and 23% of the patients in the comparator (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone [R-CHOP]) arm, including the predominant preferred term of pneumonia (BR-CAP 8% vs R-CHOP 5%).

Table 12:  Most  Commonly Reported  Adverse  Reactions (≥ 5%)  with Grades 3 and ≥ 4 Intensity in the Previously Untreated Mantle Cell Lymphoma Study

	BR-CAP(n=240)			R-CHOP(n=242)
Body System Adverse Reactions	All n (%)	Toxicity Grade 3 n (%)	Toxicity Grade≥ 4n (%)	All n (%)	Toxicity Grade 3n (%)	Toxicity Grade ≥ 4n (%)
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders
Neutropenia	209 (87)	32 (13)	168 (70)	172 (71)	31 (13)	125 (52)
Leukopenia	116 (48)	34 (14)	69 (29)	87 (36)	39 (16)	27 (11)
Anemia	106 (44)	27 (11)	4 (2)	71 (29)	23 (10)	4 (2)
Thrombocytopenia	172 (72)	59 (25)	76 (32)	42 (17)	9 (4)	3 (1)
Febrile neutropenia	41 (17)	24 (10)	12 (5)	33 (14)	17 (7)	15 (6)
Lymphopenia	68 (28)	25 (10)	36 (15)	28 (12)	15 (6)	2 (1)
Nervous System Disorders
Peripheral neuropathy*	71 (30)	17 (7)	1 (< 1)	65 (27)	10 (4)	0
Hypoesthesia	14 (6)	3 (1)	0	13 (5)	0	0
Paresthesia	14 (6)	2 (1)	0	11 (5)	0	0
Neuralgia	25 (10)	9 (4)	0	1 (< 1)	0	0
General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions
Fatigue	43 (18)	11 (5)	1 (< 1)	38 (16)	5 (2)	0
Pyrexia	48 (20)	7 (3)	0	23 (10)	5 (2)	0
Asthenia	29 (12)	4 (2)	1 (< 1)	18 (7)	1 (< 1)	0
Edema peripheral	16 (7)	1 (< 1)	0	13 (5)	0	0
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Nausea	54 (23)	1 (< 1)	0	28 (12)	0	0
Constipation	42 (18)	1 (< 1)	0	22 (9)	2 (1)	0
Stomatitis	20 (8)	2 (1)	0	19 (8)	0	1 (< 1)
Diarrhea	59 (25)	11 (5)	0	11 (5)	3 (1)	1 (< 1)
Vomiting	24 (10)	1 (< 1)	0	8 (3)	0	0
Abdominal distension	13 (5)	0	0	4 (2)	0	0
Infections and Infestations
Pneumonia	20 (8)	8 (3)	5 (2)	11 (5)	5 (2)	3 (1)
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Alopecia	31 (13)	1 (< 1)	1 (< 1)	33 (14)	4 (2)	0
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders
Hyperglycemia	10 (4)	1 (< 1)	0	17 (7)	10 (4)	0
Decreased appetite	36 (15)	2 (1)	0	15 (6)	1 (< 1)	0
Vascular Disorders
Hypertension	15 (6)	1 (< 1)	0	3 (1)	0	0
Psychiatric Disorders
Insomnia	16 (7)	1 (< 1)	0	8 (3)	0	0
Key: R-CHOP = rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone; BR-CAP = bortezomib, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone. * Represents High Level Term Peripheral Neuropathies NEC

The incidence of herpes zoster reactivation was 4.6% in the BR-CAP arm and 0.8% in the R-CHOP arm. Antiviral prophylaxis was mandated by protocol amendment.

The incidences of Grade ≥ 3 bleeding events were similar between the two arms (four patients in the BR-CAP arm and three patients in the R-CHOP arm). All of the Grade ≥ 3 bleeding events resolved without sequelae in the BR-CAP arm.

Adverse reactions leading to discontinuation occurred in 8% of patients in BR-CAP group and 6% of patients in R-CHOP group. In the BR-CAP group, the most commonly reported adverse reaction leading to discontinuation was peripheral sensory neuropathy (1%; three patients). The most commonly reported adverse reaction leading to discontinuation in the R-CHOP group was febrile neutropenia (< 1%; two patients).

Integrated Summary of Safety (Relapsed Multiple Myeloma and Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma)

Safety data from Phase 2 and 3 studies of single agent BORUZU 1.3 mg/m²/dose twice weekly for two weeks followed by a ten day rest period in 1163 patients with previously-treated multiple myeloma (N=1008) and previously-treated mantle cell lymphoma (N=155) were integrated and tabulated. This analysis does not include data from the Phase 3 open-label study of BORUZU subcutaneous vs intravenous in relapsed multiple myeloma. In the integrated studies, the safety profile of BORUZU was similar in patients with multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma.

In the integrated analysis, the most commonly reported (> 20%) adverse reactions were nausea (49%), diarrhea (46%), asthenic conditions including fatigue (41%) and weakness (11%), peripheral neuropathies (38%), thrombocytopenia (32%), vomiting (28%), constipation (25%), and pyrexia (21%). Eleven percent (11%) of patients experienced at least one episode of ≥ Grade 4 toxicity, most commonly thrombocytopenia (4%) and neutropenia (2%).

In the Phase 2 relapsed multiple myeloma clinical trials of BORUZU administered intravenously, local skin irritation was reported in 5% of patients, but extravasation of BORUZU was not associated with tissue damage.

Serious Adverse Reactions and Adverse Reactions Leading to Treatment Discontinuation in the Integrated Summary of Safety

A total of 26% of patients experienced a serious adverse reaction during the studies. The most commonly reported serious adverse reactions included diarrhea, vomiting and pyrexia (3% each), nausea, dehydration, and thrombocytopenia (2% each) and pneumonia, dyspnea, peripheral neuropathies, and herpes zoster (1% each).

Adverse reactions leading to discontinuation occurred in 22% of patients. The reasons for discontinuation included peripheral neuropathy (8%), and fatigue, thrombocytopenia, and diarrhea (2% each).

In total, 2% of the patients died and the cause of death was considered by the investigator to be possibly related to study drug: including reports of cardiac arrest, congestive heart failure, respiratory failure, renal failure, pneumonia and sepsis.

Most Commonly Reported Adverse Reactions in the Integrated Summary of Safety

The most common adverse reactions are shown in Table 13. All adverse reactions occurring at ≥ 10% are included. In the absence of a randomized comparator arm, it is often not possible to distinguish between adverse events that are drug-caused and those that reflect the patient’s underlying disease. Please see the discussion of specific adverse reactions that follows.

Table 13: Most Commonly Reported (≥ 10% Overall) Adverse Reactions in Integrated Analyses of Relapsed Multiple Myeloma and Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma Studies Using the 1.3 mg/m² Dose (N=1163)

	All Patients (N=1163)		Multiple Myeloma (N=1008)		Mantle Cell Lymphoma (N=155)
Adverse Reactions	All	≥ Grade 3	All	≥ Grade 3	All	≥ Grade 3
Nausea	567 (49)	36 (3)	511 (51)	32 (3)	56 (36)	4 (3)
Diarrhea NOS	530 (46)	83 (7)	470 (47)	72 (7)	60 (39)	11 (7)
Fatigue	477 (41)	86 (7)	396 (39)	71 (7)	81 (52)	15 (10)
Peripheral neuropathies*	443 (38)	129 (11)	359 (36)	110 (11)	84 (54)	19 (12)
Thrombocytopenia	369 (32)	295 (25)	344 (34)	283 (28)	25 (16)	12 (8)
Vomiting NOS	321 (28)	44 (4)	286 (28)	40 (4)	35 (23)	4 (3)
Constipation	296 (25)	17 (1)	244 (24)	14 (1)	52 (34)	3 (2)
Pyrexia	249 (21)	16 (1)	233 (23)	15 (1)	16 (10)	1 (< 1)
Anorexia	227 (20)	19 (2)	205 (20)	16 (2)	22 (14)	3 (2)
Anemia NOS	209 (18)	65 (6)	190 (19)	63 (6)	19 (12)	2 (1)
Headache NOS	175 (15)	8 (< 1)	160 (16)	8 (< 1)	15 (10)	0
Neutropenia	172 (15)	121 (10)	164 (16)	117 (12)	8 (5)	4 (3)
Rash NOS	156 (13)	8 (< 1)	120 (12)	4 (< 1)	36 (23)	4 (3)
Paresthesia	147 (13)	9 (< 1)	136 (13)	8 (< 1)	11 (7)	1 (< 1)
Dizziness (excl vertigo)	129 (11)	13 (1)	101 (10)	9 (< 1)	28 (18)	4 (3)
Weakness	124 (11)	31 (3)	106 (11)	28 (3)	18 (12)	3 (2)
* Represents High Level Term Peripheral Neuropathies NEC

Description of Selected Adverse Reactions from the Integrated Phase 2 and 3 Relapsed Multiple Myeloma and Phase 2 Relapsed Mantle Cell Lymphoma Studies

Gastrointestinal Toxicity

A total of 75% of patients experienced at least one gastrointestinal disorder. The most common gastrointestinal disorders included nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, and appetite decreased. Other gastrointestinal disorders included dyspepsia and dysgeusia. Grade 3 adverse reactions occurred in 14% of patients; ≥ Grade 4 adverse reactions were ≤ 1%. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions were considered serious in 7% of patients. Four percent (4%) of patients discontinued due to a gastrointestinal adverse reaction. Nausea was reported more often in patients with multiple myeloma (51%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (36%).

Thrombocytopenia

Across the studies, BORUZU-associated thrombocytopenia was characterized by a decrease in platelet count during the dosing period (Days 1 to 11) and a return toward baseline during the ten day rest period during each treatment cycle. Overall, thrombocytopenia was reported in 32% of patients. Thrombocytopenia was Grade 3 in 22%, ≥ Grade 4 in 4%, and serious in 2% of patients, and the reaction resulted in BORUZU discontinuation in 2% of patients [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]. Thrombocytopenia was reported more often in patients with multiple myeloma (34%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (16%). The incidence of ≥ Grade 3 thrombocytopenia also was higher in patients with multiple myeloma (28%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (8%).

Peripheral Neuropathy

Overall, peripheral neuropathies occurred in 38% of patients. Peripheral neuropathy was Grade 3 for 11% of patients and ≥ Grade 4 for < 1% of patients. Eight percent (8%) of patients discontinued BORUZU due to peripheral neuropathy. The incidence of peripheral neuropathy was higher among patients with mantle cell lymphoma (54%) compared to patients with multiple myeloma (36%).

In the BORUZU vs dexamethasone Phase 3 relapsed multiple myeloma study, among the 62 BORUZU-treated patients who experienced ≥ Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy and had dose adjustments, 48% had improved or resolved with a median of 3.8 months from first onset.

In the Phase 2 relapsed multiple myeloma studies, among the 30 patients who experienced Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy resulting in discontinuation or who experienced ≥ Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy, 73% reported improvement or resolution with a median time of 47 days to improvement of one grade or more from the last dose of BORUZU.

Hypotension

The incidence of hypotension (postural, orthostatic and hypotension NOS) was 8% in patients treated with BORUZU. Hypotension was Grade 1 or 2 in the majority of patients and Grade 3 in 2% and ≥ Grade 4 in < 1%. Two percent (2%) of patients had hypotension reported as a serious adverse reaction, and 1% discontinued due to hypotension. The incidence of hypotension was similar in patients with multiple myeloma (8%) and those with mantle cell lymphoma (9%). In addition, < 1% of patients experienced hypotension associated with a syncopal reaction.

Neutropenia

Neutrophil counts decreased during the BORUZU dosing period (Days 1 to 11) and returned toward baseline during the ten day rest period during each treatment cycle. Overall, neutropenia occurred in 15% of patients and was Grade 3 in 8% of patients and ≥ Grade 4 in 2%. Neutropenia was reported as a serious adverse reaction in < 1% of patients and < 1% of patients discontinued due to neutropenia. The incidence of neutropenia was higher in patients with multiple myeloma (16%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (5%). The incidence of ≥ Grade 3 neutropenia also was higher in patients with multiple myeloma (12%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (3%).

Asthenic Conditions (Fatigue, Malaise, Weakness, Asthenia)

Asthenic conditions were reported in 54% of patients. Fatigue was reported as Grade 3 in 7% and ≥ Grade 4 in < 1% of patients. Asthenia was reported as Grade 3 in 2% and ≥ Grade 4 in < 1% of patients. Two percent (2%) of patients discontinued treatment due to fatigue and < 1% due to weakness and asthenia. Asthenic conditions were reported in 53% of patients with multiple myeloma and 59% of patients with mantle cell lymphoma.

Pyrexia

Pyrexia (> 38^○C) was reported as an adverse reaction for 21% of patients. The reaction was Grade 3 in 1% and ≥ Grade 4 in < 1%. Pyrexia was reported as a serious adverse reaction in 3% of patients and led to BORUZU discontinuation in < 1% of patients. The incidence of pyrexia was higher among patients with multiple myeloma (23%) compared to patients with mantle cell lymphoma (10%). The incidence of ≥ Grade 3 pyrexia was 1% in patients with multiple myeloma and < 1% in patients with mantle cell lymphoma.

Herpes Virus Infection

Consider using antiviral prophylaxis in subjects being treated with BORUZU. In the randomized studies in previously untreated and relapsed multiple myeloma, herpes zoster reactivation was more common in subjects treated with BORUZU (ranging between 6 to 11%) than in the control groups (3 to 4%). Herpes simplex was seen in 1 to 3% in subjects treated with BORUZU and 1 to 3% in the control groups. In the previously untreated multiple myeloma study, herpes zoster virus reactivation in the BORUZU, melphalan and prednisone arm was less common in subjects receiving prophylactic antiviral therapy (3%) than in subjects who did not receive prophylactic antiviral therapy (17%).

Retreatment in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma

A single-arm trial was conducted in 130 patients with relapsed multiple myeloma to determine the efficacy and safety of retreatment with intravenous BORUZU. The safety profile of patients in this trial is consistent with the known safety profile of BORUZU-treated patients with relapsed multiple myeloma as demonstrated in Tables 10, 11, and 13; no cumulative toxicities were observed upon retreatment. The most common adverse drug reaction was thrombocytopenia which occurred in 52% of the patients. The incidence of ≥ Grade 3 thrombocytopenia was 24%. Peripheral neuropathy occurred in 28% of patients, with the incidence of ≥ Grade 3 peripheral neuropathy reported at 6%. The incidence of serious adverse reactions was 12.3%. The most commonly reported serious adverse reactions were thrombocytopenia (3.8%), diarrhea (2.3%), and herpes zoster and pneumonia (1.5% each).

Adverse reactions leading to discontinuation occurred in 13% of patients. The reasons for discontinuation included peripheral neuropathy (5%) and diarrhea (3%).

Two deaths considered to be BORUZU-related occurred within 30 days of the last BORUZU dose; one in a patient with cerebrovascular accident and one in a patient with sepsis.

Additional Adverse Reactions from Clinical Studies

The following clinically important serious adverse reactions that are not described above have been reported in clinical trials in patients treated with BORUZU administered as monotherapy or in combination with other chemotherapeutics. These studies were conducted in patients with hematological malignancies and in solid tumors.

Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: Anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, febrile neutropenia, lymphopenia, leukopenia

Cardiac Disorders: Angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation aggravated, atrial flutter, bradycardia, sinus arrest, cardiac amyloidosis, complete atrioventricular block, myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction, pericarditis, pericardial effusion, Torsades de pointes, ventricular tachycardia

Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: Hearing impaired, vertigo

Eye Disorders: Diplopia and blurred vision, conjunctival infection, irritation

Gastrointestinal Disorders: Abdominal pain, ascites, dysphagia, fecal impaction, gastroenteritis, gastritis hemorrhagic, hematemesis, hemorrhagic duodenitis, ileus paralytic, large intestinal obstruction, paralytic intestinal obstruction, peritonitis, small intestinal obstruction, large intestinal perforation, stomatitis, melena, pancreatitis acute, oral mucosal petechiae, gastroesophageal reflux

General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: Chills, edema, edema peripheral, injection site erythema, neuralgia, injection site pain, irritation, malaise, phlebitis

Hepatobiliary Disorders : Cholestasis, hepatic hemorrhage, hyperbilirubinemia, portal vein thrombosis, hepatitis, liver failure

Immune System Disorders : Anaphylactic reaction, drug hypersensitivity, immune complex mediated hypersensitivity, angioedema, laryngeal edema

Infections and Infestations: Aspergillosis, bacteremia, bronchitis, urinary tract infection, herpes viral infection, listeriosis, nasopharyngitis, pneumonia, respiratory tract infection, septic shock, toxoplasmosis, oral candidiasis, sinusitis, catheter-related infection

Injury, Poisoning and Procedural Complications : Catheter-related complication, skeletal fracture, subdural hematoma

Investigations: Weight decreased

Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders: Dehydration, hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia

Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Arthralgia, back pain, bone pain, myalgia, pain in extremity

Nervous System Disorders: Ataxia, coma, dizziness, dysarthria, dysesthesia, dysautonomia, encephalopathy, cranial palsy, grand mal convulsion, headache, hemorrhagic stroke, motor dysfunction, neuralgia, spinal cord compression, paralysis, postherpetic neuralgia, transient ischemic attack

Psychiatric Disorders: Agitation, anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mental status change, psychotic disorder, suicidal ideation

Renal and Urinary Disorders : Calculus renal, bilateral hydronephrosis, bladder spasm, hematuria, hemorrhagic cystitis, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, renal failure (acute and chronic), glomerular nephritis proliferative

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders : Acute respiratory distress syndrome, aspiration pneumonia, atelectasis, chronic obstructive airways disease exacerbated, cough, dysphagia, dyspnea, dyspnea exertional, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hypoxia, lung infiltration, pleural effusion, pneumonitis, respiratory distress, pulmonary hypertension

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders : Urticaria, face edema, rash (which may be pruritic), leukocytoclastic vasculitis, pruritus

Vascular Disorders:  Cerebrovascular accident, cerebral hemorrhage, deep venous thrombosis, hypertension, peripheral embolism, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension

The following adverse reactions have been identified from the worldwide postmarketing experience with BORUZU. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure:

Cardiac Disorders: Cardiac tamponade

Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: Deafness bilateral

Eye Disorders: Optic neuropathy, blindness, chalazion/blepharitis

Gastrointestinal Disorders: Ischemic colitis

Infections and Infestations: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), ophthalmic herpes, herpes meningoencephalitis

Nervous System Disorders: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES, formerly RPLS), Guillain-Barre syndrome, demyelinating polyneuropathy

Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: Acute diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease

Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet’s syndrome)

Strong CYP3A4 Inducers

Coadministration with a strong CYP3A4 inducer decreases the exposure of bortezomib [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] which may decrease BORUZU efficacy. Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers.

Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors

Coadministration with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor increases the exposure of bortezomib [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] which may increase the risk of BORUZU toxicities. Monitor patients for signs of bortezomib toxicity and consider a bortezomib dose reduction if bortezomib must be given in combination with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors.

No clinically significant drug interactions have been observed when BORUZU was coadministered with dexamethasone, omeprazole, or melphalan in combination with prednisone [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Risk Summary

Based on its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1)] and findings in animals, BORUZU can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. There are no studies with the use of BORUZU in pregnant women to inform drug-associated risks. Bortezomib caused embryo-fetal lethality in rabbits at doses lower than the clinical dose (see Data). Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to the fetus.

Adverse outcomes in pregnancy occur regardless of the health of the mother or the use of medications. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2 to 4% and 15 to 20%, respectively.

Data

Animal Data

Bortezomib was not teratogenic in nonclinical developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits at the highest dose tested (0.075 mg/kg; 0.5 mg/m² in the rat and 0.05 mg/kg; 0.6 mg/m² in the rabbit) when administered during organogenesis. These dosages are approximately 0.5 times the clinical dose of 1.3 mg/m² based on body surface area.

Bortezomib caused embryo-fetal lethality in rabbits at doses lower than the clinical dose (approximately 0.5 times the clinical dose of 1.3 mg/m² based on body surface area). Pregnant rabbits given bortezomib during organogenesis at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg (0.6 mg/m²) experienced significant postimplantation loss and decreased number of live fetuses. Live fetuses from these litters also showed significant decreases in fetal weight.

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of bortezomib or its metabolites in human milk, the effects of the drug on the breastfed child, or the effects of the drug on milk production. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because the potential for serious adverse reactions in a breastfed child from BORUZU is unknown, advise nursing women not to breastfeed during treatment with BORUZU and for two months after treatment.

Based on its mechanism of action and findings in animals, BORUZU can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Pregnancy Testing

Conduct pregnancy testing in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating BORUZU treatment.

Contraception

Females

Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with BORUZU and for seven months after the last dose.

Males

Males with female partners of reproductive potential should use effective contraception during treatment with BORUZU and for four months after the last dose.

Infertility

Based on the mechanism of action and findings in animals, BORUZU may have an effect on either male or female fertility [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

Safety and effectiveness of BORUZU have not been established in pediatric patients.

The activity and safety of BORUZU in combination with intensive reinduction chemotherapy was evaluated in pediatric and young adult patients with lymphoid malignancies (pre-B cell ALL 77%, 16% with T-cell ALL, and 7% T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL)), all of whom relapsed within 36 months of initial diagnosis in a single-arm multicenter, nonrandomized cooperative group trial. An effective reinduction multiagent chemotherapy regimen was administered in three blocks. Block 1 included vincristine, prednisone, doxorubicin and pegaspargase; Block 2 included cyclophosphamide, etoposide and methotrexate; Block 3 included high-dose cytosine arabinoside and asparaginase. bortezomib was administered at a dose of 1.3 mg/m² as a bolus intravenous injection on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of Block 1 and Days 1, 4, and 8 of Block 2. There were 140 patients with ALL or LL enrolled and evaluated for safety. The median age was ten years (range: 1 to 26), 57% were male, 70% were white, 14% were black, 4% were Asian, 2% were American Indian/Alaska Native, 1% were Pacific Islander.

The activity was evaluated in a prespecified subset of the first 60 evaluable patients enrolled on the study with pre-B ALL ≤ 21 years and relapsed < 36 months from diagnosis. The complete remission (CR) rate at day 36 was compared to that in a historical control set of patients who had received the identical backbone therapy without BORUZU. There was no evidence that the addition of BORUZU had any impact on the CR rate.

No new safety concerns were observed when BORUZU was added to a chemotherapy backbone regimen as compared with a historical control group in which the backbone regimen was given without BORUZU.

The BSA-normalized clearance of bortezomib in pediatric patients was similar to that observed in adults.

Of the 669 patients enrolled in the relapsed multiple myeloma study, 245 (37%) were 65 years of age or older: 125 (38%) on the BORUZU arm and 120 (36%) on the dexamethasone arm. Median time to progression and median duration of response for patients ≥ 65 were longer on BORUZU compared to dexamethasone [5.5 mo vs 4.3 mo, and 8.0 mo vs 4.9 mo, respectively]. On the BORUZU arm, 40% (n=46) of evaluable patients aged ≥ 65 experienced response (CR + PR) vs 18% (n=21) on the dexamethasone arm. The incidence of Grade 3 and 4 events was 64%, 78% and 75% for BORUZU patients ≤ 50, 51 to 64 and ≥ 65 years old, respectively [see Adverse Reactions (6.1), Clinical Studies (14.1)].

No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients ≥ age 65 and younger patients receiving BORUZU; but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

No starting dosage adjustment of BORUZU is recommended for patients with renal impairment. In patients requiring dialysis, BORUZU should be administered after the dialysis procedure [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

No starting dosage adjustment of BORUZU is recommended for patients with mild hepatic impairment (total bilirubin ≤ 1 × ULN and AST > ULN, or total bilirubin > 1 to 1.5 × ULN and any AST). The exposure of bortezomib is increased in patients with moderate (total bilirubin ≥ 1.5 to 3 × ULN and any AST) and severe (total bilirubin > 3 × ULN and any AST) hepatic impairment. Reduce the starting dose in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment [see Dosage and Administration (2.8), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

During clinical trials, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia were reported in diabetic patients receiving oral hypoglycemics. Patients on oral antidiabetic agents receiving BORUZU treatment may require close monitoring of their blood glucose levels and adjustment of the dose of their antidiabetic medication.

Bortezomib is a reversible inhibitor of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 26S proteasome in mammalian cells. The 26S proteasome is a large protein complex that degrades ubiquitinated proteins. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an essential role in regulating the intracellular concentration of specific proteins, thereby maintaining homeostasis within cells. Inhibition of the 26S proteasome prevents this targeted proteolysis, which can affect multiple signaling cascades within the cell. This disruption of normal homeostatic mechanisms can lead to cell death. Experiments have demonstrated that bortezomib is cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell types in vitro. Bortezomib causes a delay in tumor growth in vivo in nonclinical tumor models, including multiple myeloma.

Following twice weekly administration of 1 mg/m² and 1.3 mg/m² bortezomib doses, the maximum inhibition of 20S proteasome activity (relative to baseline) in whole blood was observed five minutes after drug administration. Comparable maximum inhibition of 20S proteasome activity was observed between 1 and 1.3 mg/m² doses. Maximal inhibition ranged from 70% to 84% and from 73% to 83% for the 1 mg/m² and 1.3 mg/m² dose regimens, respectively.

Following intravenous administration of 1 mg/m² and 1.3 mg/m² doses, the mean maximum plasma concentrations of bortezomib (C_max) after the first dose (Day 1) were 57 and 112 ng/mL, respectively. When administered twice weekly, the mean maximum observed plasma concentrations ranged from 67 to 106 ng/mL for the 1 mg/m² dose and 89 to 120 ng/mL for the 1.3 mg/m² dose.

Following an intravenous bolus or subcutaneous injection of a 1.3 mg/m² dose to patients with multiple myeloma, the total systemic exposure after repeat dose administration (AUC_last) was equivalent for subcutaneous and intravenous administration. The AUC_last geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) was 0.99 (0.80 to 1.23). The C_max after subcutaneous administration (20.4 ng/mL) was lower than after intravenous administration (223 ng/mL) with repeat dose administration.

Distribution

The mean distribution volume of bortezomib ranged from approximately 498 to 1884 L/m² following single- or repeat-dose administration of 1 mg/m² or 1.3 mg/m² to patients with multiple myeloma. The binding of bortezomib to human plasma proteins averaged 83% over the concentration range of 100 to 1000 ng/mL.

Elimination

The mean elimination half-life of bortezomib upon multiple dosing ranged from 40 to 193 hours after the 1 mg/m² dose and 76 to 108 hours after the 1.3 mg/m² dose. The mean total body clearances were 102 and 112 L/h following the first dose for doses of 1 mg/m² and 1.3 mg/m², respectively, and ranged from 15 to 32 L/h following subsequent doses for doses of 1 and 1.3 mg/m², respectively.

Metabolism

Bortezomib is primarily oxidatively metabolized to several inactive metabolites in vitro via cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes 3A4, CYP2C19, and CYP1A2, and to a lesser extent by CYP2D6 and CYP2C9.

Excretion

The pathways of elimination of bortezomib have not been characterized in humans.

Specific Populations

No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of bortezomib were observed based on age, sex, or renal impairment (including patients administered BORUZU after dialysis). The effect of race on bortezomib pharmacokinetics is unknown.

Patients with Hepatic Impairment

Following administration of bortezomib doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.3 mg/m², mild (total bilirubin ≤ 1 × ULN and AST > ULN, or total bilirubin > 1 to 1.5 × ULN and any AST) hepatic impairment did not alter dose-normalized bortezomib AUC when compared to patients with normal hepatic function. Dose normalized mean bortezomib AUC increased by approximately 60% in patients with moderate (total bilirubin > 1.5 to 3 × ULN and any AST) or severe (total bilirubin > 3 × ULN and any AST) hepatic impairment. A lower starting dose is recommended in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment.

Drug Interaction Studies

Clinical Studies

No clinically significant differences in bortezomib pharmacokinetics were observed when coadministered with dexamethasone (weak CYP3A4 inducer), omeprazole (strong CYP2C19 inhibitor), or melphalan in combination with prednisone.

Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitor

Coadministration with ketoconazole (strong CYP3A4 inhibitor) increased bortezomib exposure by 35%.

Strong CYP3A4 Inducer

Coadministration with rifampin (strong CYP3A4 inducer) decreased bortezomib exposure by approximately 45%.

In Vitro Studies

Bortezomib may inhibit CYP2C19 activity and increase exposure to drugs that are substrates for this enzyme.

Carcinogenicity studies have not been conducted with bortezomib.

Bortezomib showed clastogenic activity (structural chromosomal aberrations) in the in vitro chromosomal aberration assay using Chinese hamster ovary cells. Bortezomib was not genotoxic when tested in the in vitro mutagenicity assay (Ames test) and in vivo micronucleus assay in mice.

Fertility studies with bortezomib were not performed but evaluation of reproductive tissues has been performed in the general toxicity studies. In the six-month rat toxicity study, degenerative effects in the ovary were observed at doses ≥ 0.3 mg/m² (one-fourth of the recommended clinical dose), and degenerative changes in the testes occurred at 1.2 mg/m².

Cardiovascular Toxicity

Studies in monkeys showed that administration of dosages approximately twice the recommended clinical dose resulted in heart rate elevations, followed by profound progressive hypotension, bradycardia, and death 12 to 14 hours postdose. Doses ≥ 1.2 mg/m² induced dose-proportional changes in cardiac parameters. Bortezomib has been shown to distribute to most tissues in the body, including the myocardium. In a repeated dosing toxicity study in the monkey, myocardial hemorrhage, inflammation, and necrosis were also observed.

Chronic Administration

In animal studies at a dose and schedule similar to that recommended for patients (twice weekly dosing for two weeks followed by one week rest), toxicities observed included severe anemia and thrombocytopenia, and gastrointestinal, neurological and lymphoid system toxicities. Neurotoxic effects of bortezomib in animal studies included axonal swelling and degeneration in peripheral nerves, dorsal spinal roots, and tracts of the spinal cord. Additionally, multifocal hemorrhage and necrosis in the brain, eye, and heart were observed.

Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Study in Patients with Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma

A prospective, international, randomized (1:1), open-label clinical study (NCT00111319) of 682 patients was conducted to determine whether BORUZU administered intravenously (1.3 mg/m²) in combination with melphalan (9 mg/m²) and prednisone (60 mg/m²) resulted in improvement in time to progression (TTP) when compared to melphalan (9 mg/m²) and prednisone (60 mg/m²) in patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma. Treatment was administered for a maximum of nine cycles (approximately 54 weeks) and was discontinued early for disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Antiviral prophylaxis was recommended for patients on the BORUZU study arm.

The median age of the patients in the study was 71 years (48;91), 50% were male, 88% were Caucasian and the median Karnofsky performance status score for the patients was 80 (60;100). Patients had IgG/IgA/Light chain myeloma in 63%/25%/8% instances, a median hemoglobin of 105 g/L (64;165), and a median platelet count of 221,500/microliter (33,000;587,000).

Efficacy results for the trial are presented in Table 14. At a prespecified interim analysis (with median follow-up of 16.3 months), the combination of BORUZU, melphalan and prednisone therapy resulted in significantly superior results for time to progression, progression-free survival, overall survival and response rate. Further enrollment was halted, and patients receiving melphalan and prednisone were offered BORUZU in addition. A later, prespecified analysis of overall survival (with median follow-up of 36.7 months with a hazard ratio of 0.65, 95% CI: 0.51, 0.84) resulted in a statistically significant survival benefit for the BORUZU, melphalan and prednisone treatment arm despite subsequent therapies including BORUZU based regimens. In an updated analysis of overall survival based on 387 deaths (median follow-up 60.1 months), the median overall survival for the BORUZU, melphalan and prednisone treatment arm was 56.4 months and for the melphalan and prednisone treatment arm was 43.1 months, with a hazard ratio of 0.695 (95% CI: 0.57, 0.85).

Table 14: Summary of Efficacy Analyses in the Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma Study

Efficacy Endpoint	BORUZU, Melphalan and Prednisone (n=344)	Melphalan and Prednisone (n=338)
Time to Progression
Events n (%)	101 (29)	152 (45)
Median* (months) (95% CI)	20.7 (17.6, 24.7)	15.0 (14.1, 17.9)
Hazard ratio† (95% CI)	0.54 (0.42, 0.70)
p-value‡	0.000002
Progression-Free Survival
Events n (%)	135 (39)	190 (56)
Median* (months) (95% CI)	18.3 (16.6, 21.7)	14.0 (11.1, 15.0)
Hazard ratio† (95% CI)	0.61 (0.49, 0.76)
p-value‡	0.00001
Response Rate
CR§ n (%)	102 (30)	12 (4)
PR§ n (%)	136 (40)	103 (30)
nCR n (%)	5 (1)	0
CR + PR§ n (%)	238 (69)	115 (34)
p-value¶	< 10-10
Overall Survival at Median Follow-Up of 36.7 Months
Events (deaths) n (%)	109 (32)	148 (44)
Median* (months) (95% CI)	Not Reached (46.2, NR)	43.1 (34.8, NR)
Hazard ratio† (95% CI)	0.65 (0.51, 0.84)
p-value ‡	0.00084
Note: All results are based on the analysis performed at a median follow-up duration of 16.3 months except for the overall survival analysis. * Kaplan-Meier estimate † Hazard ratio estimate is based on a Cox proportional-hazard model adjusted for stratification factors: beta2-microglobulin, albumin, and region. A hazard ratio less than one indicates an advantage for BORUZU, melphalan and prednisone ‡ p-value based on the stratified log-rank test adjusted for stratification factors: beta2-microglobulin, albumin, and region § EBMT criteria ¶ p-value for Response Rate (CR + PR) from the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test adjusted for the stratification factors

TTP was statistically significantly longer on the BORUZU, melphalan and prednisone arm ( see Figure 1). (median follow-up 16.3 months)

Figure 1: Time to Progression BORUZU, Melphalan and Prednisone vs Melphalan and Prednisone

Overall survival was statistically significantly longer on the BORUZU, melphalan and prednisone arm (see Figure 2). (median follow-up 60.1 months)

Figure 2: Overall Survival BORUZU, Melphalan and Prednisone vs Melphalan and Prednisone

Randomized, Clinical Study in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma of BORUZU vs Dexamethasone

A prospective Phase 3, international, randomized (1:1), stratified, open-label clinical study (NCT00048230) enrolling 669 patients was designed to determine whether BORUZU resulted in improvement in time to progression (TTP) compared to high-dose dexamethasone in patients with progressive multiple myeloma following 1 to 3 prior therapies. Patients considered to be refractory to prior high-dose dexamethasone were excluded as were those with baseline Grade ≥ 2 peripheral neuropathy or platelet counts < 50,000/μL. A total of 627 patients were evaluable for response.

Stratification factors were based on the number of lines of prior therapy the patient had previously received (one previous line vs more than one line of therapy), time of progression relative to prior treatment (progression during or within six months of stopping their most recent therapy vs relapse > 6 months after receiving their most recent therapy), and screening beta₂-microglobulin levels (≤ 2.5 mg/L vs > 2.5 mg/L).

Baseline patient and disease characteristics are summarized in Table 15.

Table 15: Summary of Baseline Patient and Disease Characteristics in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study

Patient Characteristics	BORUZU (N=333)	Dexamethasone (N=336)
Median age in years (range)	62.0 (33, 84)	61.0 (27, 86)
Gender: Male/female	56%/44%	60%/40%
Race: Caucasian/black/other	90%/6%/4%	88%/7%/5%
Karnofsky performance status score ≤ 70	13%	17%
Hemoglobin < 100 g/L	32%	28%
Platelet count < 75 × 109/L	6%	4%
Disease Characteristics
Type of myeloma (%): IgG/IgA/Light chain	60%/23%/12%	59%/24%/13%
Median beta2-microglobulin (mg/L)	3.7	3.6
Median albumin (g/L)	39.0	39.0
Creatinine clearance ≤ 30 mL/min [n (%)]	17 (5%)	11 (3%)
Median Duration of Multiple Myeloma Since Diagnosis (Years)	3.5	3.1
Number of Prior Therapeutic Lines of Treatment
Median	2	2
1 prior line	40%	35%
> 1 prior line	60%	65%
Previous Therapy
Any prior steroids, e.g., dexamethasone, VAD	98%	99%
Any prior anthracyclines, e.g., VAD, mitoxantrone	77%	76%
Any prior alkylating agents, e.g., MP, VBMCP	91%	92%
Any prior thalidomide therapy	48%	50%
Vinca alkaloids	74%	72%
Prior stem cell transplant/other high-dose therapy	67%	68%
Prior experimental or other types of therapy	3%	2%

Patients in the BORUZU treatment group were to receive 8, three week treatment cycles followed by 3, five week treatment cycles of BORUZU. Patients achieving a CR were treated for four cycles beyond first evidence of CR. Within each three week treatment cycle, BORUZU 1.3 mg/m²/dose alone was administered by intravenous bolus twice weekly for two weeks on Days 1, 4, 8, and 11 followed by a ten day rest period (Days 12 to 21). Within each five week treatment cycle, BORUZU 1.3 mg/m²/dose alone was administered by intravenous bolus once weekly for four weeks on Days 1, 8, 15, and 22 followed by a 13 day rest period (Days 23 to 35) [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

Patients in the dexamethasone treatment group were to receive 4, five week treatment cycles followed by 5, four week treatment cycles. Within each five week treatment cycle, dexamethasone 40 mg/day PO was administered once daily on Days 1 to 4, 9 to 12, and 17 to 20 followed by a 15 day rest period (Days 21 to 35). Within each four week treatment cycle, dexamethasone 40 mg/day PO was administered once daily on Days 1 to 4 followed by a 24 day rest period (Days 5 to 28). Patients with documented progressive disease on dexamethasone were offered BORUZU at a standard dose and schedule on a companion study. Following a preplanned interim analysis of time to progression, the dexamethasone arm was halted and all patients randomized to dexamethasone were offered BORUZU, regardless of disease status.

In the BORUZU arm, 34% of patients received at least one BORUZU dose in all eight of the three week cycles of therapy, and 13% received at least one dose in all 11 cycles. The average number of BORUZU doses during the study was 22, with a range of 1 to 44. In the dexamethasone arm, 40% of patients received at least one dose in all four of the five week treatment cycles of therapy, and 6% received at least one dose in all nine cycles.

The time to event analyses and response rates from the relapsed multiple myeloma study are presented in Table 16. Response and progression were assessed using the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) criteria. Complete response (CR) required < 5% plasma cells in the marrow, 100% reduction in M-protein, and a negative immunofixation test (IF^-). Partial response (PR) requires ≥ 50% reduction in serum myeloma protein and ≥ 90% reduction of urine myeloma protein on at least two occasions for a minimum of at least six weeks along with stable bone disease and normal calcium. Near complete response (nCR) was defined as meeting all the criteria for complete response including 100% reduction in M-protein by protein electrophoresis; however, M-protein was still detectable by immunofixation (IF⁺).

Table 16: Summary of Efficacy Analyses in the Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study

Efficacy Endpoint	All Patients		1 Prior Line of Therapy		> 1 Prior Line of Therapy
	BORUZU	Dex	BORUZU	Dex	BORUZU	Dex
	(n=333)	(n=336)	(n=132)	(n=119)	(n=200)	(n=217)
Time to Progression Events n (%)	147 (44)	196 (58)	55 (42)	64 (54)	92 (46)	132 (61)
Median* (95% CI)	6.2 mo (4.9, 6.9)	3.5 mo (2.9, 4.2)	7.0 mo (6.2, 8.8)	5.6 mo (3.4, 6.3)	4.9 mo (4.2, 6.3)	2.9 mo (2.8, 3.5)
Hazard ratio† (95% CI)	0.55 (0.44, 0.69)		0.55 (0.38, 0.81)		0.54 (0.41, 0.72)
p-value‡	< 0.0001		0.0019		< 0.0001
Overall Survival Events (deaths) n (%)	51 (15)	84 (25)	12 (9)	24 (20)	39 (20)	60 (28)
Hazard ratio† (95% Cl)	0.57 (0.40, 0.81)		0.39 (0.19, 0.81)		0.65 (0.43, 0.97)
p-value‡, §§	< 0.05		< 0.05		< 0.05
Response Rate Population¶ n=627	n=315	n=312	n=128	n=110	n=187	n=202
CR# n (%)	20 (6)	2 (< 1)	8 (6)	2 (2)	12 (6)	0 (0)
PR# n (%)	101 (32)	54 (17)	49 (38)	27 (25)	52 (28)	27 (13)
nCR#, ♣ n (%)	21 (7)	3 (< 1)	8 (6)	2 (2)	13 (7)	1 (< 1)
CR + PR# n (%)	121 (38)	56 (18)	57 (45)	29 (26)	64 (34)	27 (13)
p-value♥	< 0.0001		0.0035		< 0.0001
* Kaplan-Meier estimate † Hazard ratio is based on Cox proportional-hazard model with the treatment as single independent variable. A hazard ratio less than one indicates an advantage for BORUZU ‡ p-value based on the stratified log-rank test including randomization stratification factors §§ Precise p-value cannot be rendered ¶ Response population includes patients who had measurable disease at baseline and received at least one dose of study drug #EBMT criteria; nCR meets all EBMT criteria for CR but has positive IF. Under EBMT criteria nCR is in the PR category ♣ In two patients, the IF was unknown ♥ p-value for Response Rate (CR + PR) from the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test adjusted for the stratification factors

TTP was statistically significantly longer on the BORUZU arm (see Figure 3).

Figure 3: Time to Progression Bortezomib vs Dexamethasone (Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study)

As shown in Figure 4, BORUZU had a significant survival advantage relative to dexamethasone (p < 0.05). The median follow-up was 8.3 months.

Figure 4: Overall Survival Bortezomib vs Dexamethasone (Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Study)