Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV-Infected Patients
Key Points
Key Points
- The risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increased in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared with the general population.
- In African Americans, HIV infection imparts a risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that is of similar magnitude to that of diabetes.
- -infected patients, including direct effects by HIVA constellation of potential factors contributes to excess kidney disease in HIV-infected patients, including direct effects by HIV infection, HIV-associated immune activation, drug toxicity, coinfection with hepatitis C virus, and a high prevalence of traditional kidney disease risk factors.
Diagnosis
...iagnos...
Monitor...
...nds monitoring creatinine-based estimated glomerul...
...monitoring kidney damage with urinaly...
Evaluat...
...ommends that the evaluation of new-onset...
...recommends that HIV-infected patients...
...IDSA recommends establishing perm...
...IDSA recommends avoiding the use of perip...
...hronic Kidney Disease Classification According...
...1. Classification of Albuminuria and...
...e 2. Risk Factors for CKD and ESRD: Data From...
...atory Indicators of Proximal Tubular Dysfu...
Treatment
...atment...
...nagement...
...that clinicians prescribe ART and encourage per...
...commends that clinicians use either the CKD Epide...
...s that patients with biopsy-confirmed or...
...nts infected with HIV who have a...
...fovir-treated patients who experienc...
...ovascular Drugs...
...DSA recommends using angiotensin-con...
...mends that HIV-infected individuals wit...
...A suggests that clinicians consider prescr...
...od Pressure
...s a target blood pressure of...
...uggests a target blood pressure of 30-300 mg/d...
...icosteroids...
...hat clinicians consider corticosteroids as an...
Kidney Transpla...
...that HIV providers assess patients with HIV...
...mmends that HIV providers assess patients with H...
Children and Adolescents with HIV
Children and Adolescents wi...
Screenin...
...ts, IDSA recommends that children and adole...
...voiding tenofovir as part of first-line...
...atment
...recommends that children and adole...
...s using ACE inhibitors or ARBs to treat protein...
...hat corticosteroids NOT be used in chil...
...ng of Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV-Infected Ad...