AAN/AAP/CNS/SCCM Pediatric and Adult Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Guideline Summary - Guideline Central
General Principles for the BD/DNC Evaluation
Clinicians Who Perform BD/DNC Evaluations
Prerequisites for Determination of BD/DNC
Performing the BD/DNC Neurologic Examination
Components of the BD/DNC Neurologic Examination
Apnea Testing as Part of the BD/DNC Evaluation
Procedure for Performing the Apnea Test in Patients on ECMO
Ancillary Testing as Part of the BD/DNC Evaluation
Special Considerations
Document Overview

Pediatric and Adult Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria

American Academy of Neurology

American Academy of Pediatrics

Congress of Neurological Surgeons

Society of Critical Care Medicine


Publication Date: Oct 11, 2023

Page Last Updated: May 5, 2026


Classification of Management Recommendations

* In exceptional cases, one convincing Class I study may suffice for an "A" recommendation if 1) all criteria are met, 2) the magnitude of effect is large (relative rate improved outcome > 5 and the lower limit of the confidence interval is > 2).


Document Overview

Document Title
Pediatric and Adult Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria
Authoring Societies

American Academy of Neurology

American Academy of Pediatrics

Congress of Neurological Surgeons

Society of Critical Care Medicine

Document Publication Date
Oct 11, 2023
Page Last Reviewed/Updated
May 5, 2026
Document Type
Consensus Statement
Country of Publication
United States
Full Text Freely Available
Yes
Full Text Guideline
n.neurology.org/content/early/2023/09/13/WNL.0000000000207740
Source Citation

Pediatric and Adult Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Consensus Guideline
Report of the AAN Guidelines Subcommittee, AAP, CNS, and SCCM
David M. Greer, Matthew P. Kirschen, Ariane Lewis, Gary S. Gronseth, Alexander Rae-Grant, Stephen Ashwal, Maya A. Babu, David F. Bauer, Lori Billinghurst, Amanda Corey, Sonia Partap, Michael A. Rubin, Lori Shutter, Courtney Takahashi, Robert C. Tasker, Panayiotis Nicolaou Varelas, Eelco Wijdicks, Amy Bennett, Scott R. Wessels, John J. Halperin
Neurology Oct 2023, 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207740; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000207740


Supplemental Implementation Resources


Document Scope, Criteria, and Use Cases

Document Objectives

The purpose of this guideline is to update the 2010 American Academy of Neurology (AAN) brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) guideline for adults and the 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Society, and Society of Critical Care Medicine guideline for infants and children and to clarify the BD/DNC determination process by integrating guidance for adults and children into a single guideline. Updates in this guideline include guidance related to conducting the BD/DNC evaluation in the context of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, targeted temperature management, and primary infratentorial injury.

Scope
Assessment and Screening, Counseling, Diagnosis
Diseases/Conditions (MeSH)

D001926 - Brain Death

D001921 - Brain

D001926 - Brain Death

D001921 - Brain

Keywords
BD/DNC, brain death, death, determination of death, neurologic criteria
Target Patient Population
Adults and children with suspected brain death
Target Provider Population
Neurologists, surgeons, internists, pediatricians and other hospitalists caring for patients with suspected brain death
Inclusion Criteria
Male, Female, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Infant, Older Adult
Health Care Settings
Emergency Care, Home Health, Hospice, Hospital, Long Term Care, Medical Transportation, Operating and Recovery Room
Intended Users
Nurse, Nurse Practitioner, Physician, Physician Assistant

Recommendation Development Processes & Methodology

Number of Source Documents
58
Includes peer/external review process?
Yes
Includes public comment process?
Yes
Methodologist involvement?
Yes
Patient involvement?
No
Includes multi-disciplinary group?
Yes
Includes systematic review?
Yes
Grades quality of strength of evidence?
Yes
Grades quality of strength of recommendation?
Yes
Discloses funding source?
Yes
Discloses conflicts of interest?
Yes
Includes benefits/harms analysis with recommendations?
No
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