Study of Cabozantinib in Combination With Atezolizumab Versus Sorafenib in Participants With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Who Have Not Received Previous Systemic Anticancer Therapy

Recruitment Status
ACTIVE, NOT RECRUITING - HAS RESULTS
(See Contacts and Locations)Verified October 2025 by Exelixis
Sponsor
Exelixis
Information Provided by (Responsible Party)
Exelixis
Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier
NCT03755791
Other Study ID Numbers:
XL184-312
First Submitted
November 25, 2018
First Posted
November 27, 2018
Results First Posted
November 11, 2025
Last Update Posted
December 10, 2025
Last Verified
October 2025

ClinicalTrials.gov processed this data on November 2025Link to the current ClinicalTrials.gov record .

History of Changes

Study Details

Study Description

This is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled Phase 3 trial of cabozantinib in combination with atezolizumab versus sorafenib in adults with advanced HCC who have not received previous systemic anticancer therapy in the advanced HCC setting. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of cabozantinib in combination with atezolizumab on the duration of progression-free survival (PFS) and duration of overall survival (OS) versus sorafenib. The secondary objective is to evaluate the activity of single-agent cabozantinib compared with sorafenib in this patient population.

Condition or DiseaseIntervention/Treatment
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Drug: CabozantinibDrug: SorafenibDrug: Cabozantinib

Study Design

Study TypeInterventional
Actual Enrollment837 participants
Design AllocationRandomized
Interventional ModelParallel Assignment
MaskingNone (Open Label)
Primary PurposeTreatment
Official TitleA Randomized, Controlled Phase 3 Study of Cabozantinib (XL184) in Combination With Atezolizumab Versus Sorafenib in Subjects With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Who Have Not Received Previous Systemic Anticancer Therapy
Study Start DateJune 9, 2018
Actual Primary Completion DateNovember 29, 2021
Actual Study Completion Date2mos 2w from now

Groups and Cohorts

Group/CohortIntervention/Treatment
Experimental arm
Participants with advanced HCC will receive cabozantinib 40 milligrams (mg) oral, once daily (qd) + atezolizumab 1200 mg infusion, once every 3 weeks (q3w)
Drug: Cabozantinib
Supplied as 20-mg tablets; administered orally daily at 40 mg
Control arm
Participants with advanced HCC will receive sorafenib 400 mg twice a day (bid)
Drug: Sorafenib
Supplied as 200-mg tablets; administered orally twice daily at 400 mg
Single-Agent Cabozantinib arm
Participants with advanced HCC will receive cabozantinib 60 mg qd
Drug: Cabozantinib
Supplied as 20-mg tablets; administered orally daily at 40 mg

Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures
  1. Progression Free Survival (PFS) for the Experimental Arm Versus the Control Arm in the PFS Intent to Treat (PITT) Population
    PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the earlier of either the date of radiographic progression defined as a 20% increase in the sum of the longest diameters of target lesions, or the unequivocal appearance of new lesions, or progression of non-target disease per Blinded Independent Radiology Committee (BIRC) or the date of death due to any cause per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1.
  2. Overall Survival (OS) for the Experimental Arm Versus the Control Arm in the ITT Population
    OS was defined as the time from randomization to death due to any cause.
Secondary Outcome Measures
  1. PFS for the Single-Agent Cabozantinib Arm Versus the Control Arm in the ITT Population
    PFS was defined as the time from randomization to the earlier of either the date of radiographic progression per BIRC or the date of death due to any cause per RECIST version 1.1.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study(Adult, Older Adult)
Sexes Eligible for StudyAll
Accepts Healthy VolunteersNo
Inclusion Criteria
Histological or cytological diagnosis of HCC or clinical diagnosis of HCC in cirrhotic patients by Computed Tomography (CT) or Computed Tomography (MRI) per the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) 2018 or European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) 2018 guidelines.
The participant has disease that is not amenable to a curative treatment approach (eg, transplant, surgery, ablation therapy) or locoregional therapy (eg, TACE).
Measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 as determined by the Investigator.
Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage Category B or C.
Child-Pugh Score of A.
Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1. Key
Exclusion Criteria
Known fibrolamellar carcinoma, sarcomatoid HCC or mixed hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma.
Prior systemic anticancer therapy for advanced HCC including but not limited to chemotherapy, small molecule kinase inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Participants who have received local intratumoral or arterial chemotherapy are eligible; local anticancer therapy within ≥ 28 days before randomization
Radiation therapy for bone metastasis within 2 weeks, any other radiation therapy within 8 weeks prior to randomization.
Known brain metastases or cranial epidural disease unless adequately treated with radiotherapy and/or surgery (including radiosurgery) and stable for at least 8 weeks prior to randomization.
Concomitant anticoagulation with oral anticoagulants Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.

Contacts and Locations

Sponsors and CollaboratorsExelixis
Locations
Exelixis Clinical Site #208 | Phoenix Arizona, United States, 85004Exelixis Clinical Site #159 | Tucson Arizona, United States, 85719Exelixis Clinical Site #44 | La Jolla California, United States, 92037Exelixis Clinical Site #112 | Los Angeles California, United States, 90033Exelixis Clinical Site #200 | Orange California, United States, 92868-3201Exelixis Clinical Site #2 | Rialto California, United States, 92377Exelixis Clinical Site #207 | San Diego California, United States, 92093Exelixis Clinical Site #109 | San Francisco California, United States, 94115Exelixis Clinical Site #54 | San Francisco California, United States, 94158Exelixis Clinical Site #58 | Washington D.C. District of Columbia, United States, 20007Exelixis Clinical Site #191 | Miami Florida, United States, 33125Exelixis Clinical Site #4 | Atlanta Georgia, United States, 30318Exelixis Clinical Site #195 | Chicago Illinois, United States, 60612Exelixis Clinical Site #120 | Chicago Illinois, United States, 60637Exelixis Clinical Site #6 | Baltimore Maryland, United States, 21202Exelixis Clinical Site #7 | Burlington Massachusetts, United States, 01805Exelixis Clinical Site #11 | Kansas City Missouri, United States, 64128Exelixis Clinical Site #5 | Kansas City Missouri, United States, 64131Exelixis Clinical Site #8 | St Louis Missouri, United States, 63110Exelixis Clinical Site #1 | Las Vegas Nevada, United States, 89169Exelixis Clinical Site #14 | New Brunswick New Jersey, United States, 08903Exelixis Clinical Site #76 | Albuquerque New Mexico, United States, 87131Exelixis Clinical Site #12 | Chapel Hill North Carolina, United States, 27599-7600Exelixis Clinical Site #39 | Toledo Ohio, United States, 43614Exelixis Clinical Site #176 | Portland Oregon, United States, 97213Exelixis Clinical Site #88 | Philadelphia Pennsylvania, United States, 19107Exelixis Clinical Site #144 | Charleston South Carolina, United States, 29425Exelixis Clinical Site #199 | Dallas Texas, United States, 75246Exelixis Clinical Site #154 | Houston Texas, United States, 77030Exelixis Clinical Site #19 | Temple Texas, United States, 76508Exelixis Clinical Site #13 | Seattle Washington, United States, 98101Exelixis Clinical Site #46 | Seattle Washington, United States, 98109Exelixis Clinical Site #3 | Spokane Washington, United States, 99208Exelixis Clinical Site #217 | City of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina, C1118AATExelixis Clinical Site #213 | City of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina, C1199ABBExelixis Clinical Site #216 | City of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina, C1264AAAExelixis Clinical Site #219 | Pilar Buenos Aires, Argentina, B1629ODTExelixis Clinical Site #220 | Rosario Santa Fe Province, Argentina, 2000Exelixis Clinical Site #201 | Rosario Santa Fe Province, Argentina, S2000CVBExelixis Clinical Site #78 | Camperdown New South Wales, Australia, 2050Exelixis Clinical Site #165 | Darlinghurst New South Wales, Australia, 2010Exelixis Clinical Site #171 | Kingswood New South Wales, Australia, 2747Exelixis Clinical Site #126 | Kogarah New South Wales, Australia, 2217Exelixis Clinical Site #155 | Westmead New South Wales, Australia, 2145Exelixis Clinical Site #142 | Greenslopes Queensland, Australia, 4120Exelixis Clinical Site #17 | Kurralta Park South Australia, Australia, Exelixis Clinical Site #107 | Box Hill Victoria, Australia, 3128Exelixis Clinical Site #166 | Heidelberg Victoria, Australia, 3084Exelixis Clinical Site #72 | Parkville Victoria, Australia, 3050Exelixis Clinical Site #190 | Nedlands Western Australia, Australia, 6009Exelixis Clinical Site #150 | Klagenfurt Carinthia, Austria, 9020Exelixis Clinical Site #137 | Sankt Pölten Lower Austria, Austria, 3100Exelixis Clinical Site #198 | Graz Styria, Austria, 8036Exelixis Clinical Site #64 | Linz Upper Austria, Austria, 4010Exelixis Clinical Site #174 | Vienna , Austria, 1090Exelixis Clinical Site #50 | Brussels California, Belgium, 1070Exelixis Clinical Site #65 | Brussels , Belgium, 1200Exelixis Clinical Site #169 | Edegem , Belgium, 2650Exelixis Clinical Site #148 | Ghent , Belgium, 9000Exelixis Clinical Site #57 | Haine-Saint-Paul , Belgium, 7100Exelixis Clinical Site #188 | Leuven , Belgium, 3000Exelixis Clinical Site #102 | Liège , Belgium, 4000Exelixis Clinical Site #184 | Salvador Estado de Bahia, Brazil, 40110-060Exelixis Clinical Site #89 | Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais, Brazil, 30110-022Exelixis Clinical Site #98 | Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais, Brazil, 30130-090Exelixis Clinical Site #113 | Curitiba Paraná, Brazil, 81520-060Exelixis Clinical Site #203 | Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 90050-170Exelixis Clinical Site #175 | Barretos São Paulo, Brazil, 14784-400Exelixis Clinical Site #121 | Jaú São Paulo, Brazil, 17210-120Exelixis Clinical Site #186 | São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil, 01246-900Exelixis Clinical Site #156 | São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil, 01321-001Exelixis Clinical Site #187 | São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil, 01509-010Exelixis Clinical Site #181 | São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil, 04538-132Exelixis Clinical Site #91 | São Paulo , Brazil, 04543-000Exelixis Clinical Site #71 | Calgary Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2Exelixis Clinical Site #205 | Edmonton Alberta, Canada, T6G 2B7Exelixis Clinical Site #34 | Winnipeg Manitoba, Canada, R3E 0V9Exelixis Clinical Site #222 | Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 2Y9Exelixis Clinical Site #194 | Hamilton Ontario, Canada, L8V 5C2Exelixis Clinical Site #212 | Ottawa Ontario, Canada, K1H 8L6Exelixis Clinical Site #85 | Montreal Quebec, Canada, H3T 1E2Exelixis Clinical Site #233 | Hefei Anhui, China, 230036Exelixis Clinical Site #228 | Fuzhou Fujian, China, 350014Exelixis Clinical Site #225 | Xiamen Fujian, China, 361004Exelixis Clinical Site #242 | Guangzhou Guangdong, China, 510280Exelixis Clinical Site #227 | Harbin Heilongjiang, China, 150081Exelixis Clinical Site #230 | Zhengzhou Henan, China, 450008Exelixis Clinical Site #231 | Changsha Hunan, China, 410008Exelixis Clinical Site #224 | Changsha Hunan, China, 410013Exelixis Site #241 | Changsha Hunan, China, 410013Exelixis Clinical Site #185 | Nanjing Jiangsu, China, 210002Exelixis Clinical Site #221 | Nanchang Jiangxi, China, 330006Exelixis Clinical Site #238 | Nanchang Jiangxi, China, 330006Exelixis Clinical Site #234 | Jiangyin Jiansu, China, 214400Exelixis Clinical Site #246 | Changchun Jilin, China, 130012Exelixis Clinical Site #229 | Changchun Jilin, China, 130021Exelixis Clinical Site #236 | Shenyang Liaoning, China, 110006Exelixis Clinical Site #226 | Linyi Shandong, China, 276000Exelixis Clinical Site #235 | Chengdu Sichuan, China, 610041Exelixis Clinical Site #218 | Hangzhou Zhejiang, China, 310016Exelixis Clinical Site #223 | Hangzhou Zhejiang, China, 310022Exelixis Site #239 | Beijing , China, 100034Exelixis Clinical Site #237 | Beijing , China, 100050Exelixis Site #240 | Shanghai , China, 200001Exelixis Clinical Site #232 | Shanghai , China, 201305Exelixis Clinical Site #130 | Montería Departamento de Córdoba, Colombia, 230002Exelixis Clinical Site #18 | Hradec Králové , Czechia, 500 05Exelixis Clinical Site #37 | Olomouc , Czechia, 779 00Exelixis Clinical Site #10 | Prague , Czechia, 140 59Exelixis Clinical Site #38 | Prague , Czechia, 150 06Exelixis Clinical Site #43 | Amiens , France, 80054Exelixis Clinical Site #27 | Besançon , France, 25030Exelixis Clinical Site #56 | Bondy , France, 93140Exelixis Clinical Site #29 | Caen , France, 14033Exelixis Clinical Site #48 | Clichy , France, 92110Exelixis Clinical Site #23 | Grenoble , France, 38043Exelixis Clinical Site #55 | Lille , France, 59037Exelixis Clinical Site #16 | Lyon , France, 69317Exelixis Clinical Site #31 | Montbéliard , France, 25250Exelixis Clinical Site #49 | Montpellier , France, 34295Exelixis Clinical Site #47 | Nantes , France, 44093Exelixis Clinical Site #51 | Nice , France, 06202Exelixis Clinical Site #20 | Pessac , France, 33604Exelixis Clinical Site #32 | Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy , France, 54511Exelixis Clinical Site #69 | Batumi , Georgia, 6000Exelixis Clinical Site #66 | Tbilisi , Georgia, 0112Exelixis Clinical Site #68 | Tbilisi , Georgia, 0114Exelixis Clinical Site #67 | Tbilisi , Georgia, 0144Exelixis Clinical Site #70 | Tbilisi , Georgia, 0186Exelixis Clinical Site #244 | Frankfurt am Main Hesse, Germany, 60590Exelixis Clinical Site #210 | Kassel Hesse, Germany, 34125Exelixis Clinical Site #214 | Berlin , Germany, 13125Exelixis Clinical Site #215 | Hamburg , Germany, 20246Exelixis Clinical Site #146 | Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Exelixis Clinical Site #42 | Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Exelixis Clinical Site #9 | Hong Kong , Hong Kong, Exelixis Clinical Site #140 | Budapest , Hungary, 1083Exelixis Clinical Site #25 | Debrecen , Hungary, 4032Exelixis Clinical Site #26 | Szeged , Hungary, 6720Exelixis Clinical Site #170 | Dublin , Ireland, 8Exelixis Clinical Site #30 | Jerusalem , Israel, 9112001Exelixis Clinical Site #33 | Petah Tikva , Israel, 4941492Exelixis Clinical Site #40 | Ramat Gan , Israel, 5262101Exelixis Clinical Site #35 | Rehovot , Israel, 7661041Exelixis Clinical Site #163 | Tricase Lecce, Italy, 73039Exelixis Clinical Site #53 | Rozzano Milano, Italy, 20089Exelixis Clinical Site #158 | Bologna , Italy, 40138Exelixis Clinical Site #152 | Brescia , Italy, 25124Exelixis Clinical Site #147 | Milan , Italy, 20122Exelixis Clinical Site #149 | Naples , Italy, 80131Exelixis Clinical Site #131 | Novara , Italy, 28100Exelixis Clinical Site #167 | Roma , Italy, 00168Exelixis Clinical Site #177 | Torino , Italy, 10126Exelixis Clinical Site #182 | Torino , Italy, 10128Exelixis Clinical Site #243 | Udine , Italy, 33100Exelixis Clinical Site #141 | Tuxtla Gutiérrez Chiapas, Mexico, 29038Exelixis Clinical Site #135 | León Guanajuato, Mexico, 37000Exelixis Clinical Site #132 | Monterrey Nuevo León, Mexico, 64000Exelixis Clinical Site #133 | Mexico City , Mexico, 06700Exelixis Clinical Site #160 | Mexico City , Mexico, 06760Exelixis Clinical Site #134 | San Luis Potosí City , Mexico, 78250Exelixis Clinical Site #153 | Veracruz , Mexico, 94300Exelixis Clinical Site #92 | Maastricht Limburg, Netherlands, 6229 HXExelixis Clinical Site #52 | Amsterdam North Holland, Netherlands, 1105 AZExelixis Clinical Site #84 | Rotterdam South Holland, Netherlands, 3015 GDExelixis Clinical Site #36 | Utrecht , Netherlands, 3584 CXExelixis Clinical Site #60 | Grafton Auckland, New Zealand, 1023Exelixis Clinical Site #62 | Newton Wellington Region, New Zealand, 6021Exelixis Clinical Site #118 | Cebu City , Philippines, 6000Exelixis Clinical Site #117 | Pasig , Philippines, 1605Exelixis Clinical Site #136 | Quezon City , Philippines, 1102Exelixis Clinical Site #41 | Warsaw Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, 02-507Exelixis Clinical Site #24 | Gdansk Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland, 80-952Exelixis Clinical Site #15 | Mysłowice Silesian Voivodeship, Poland, 41-400Exelixis Clinical Site #204 | Cluj-Napoca Cluj, Romania, 400015Exelixis Clinical Site #211 | Cluj-Napoca Cluj, Romania, 400015Exelixis Clinical Site #202 | Cluj-Napoca Cluj, Romania, 400641Exelixis Clinical Site #206 | Bucharest , Romania, 022328Exelixis Clinical Site #209 | Iași , Romania, 700483Exelixis Clinical Site #74 | Kislino Kursk Oblast, Russia, 305524Exelixis Clinical Site #81 | Kaluga , Russia, 248007Exelixis Clinical Site #95 | Krasnodar , Russia, 350040Exelixis Clinical Site #108 | Moscow , Russia, 115478Exelixis Clinical Site #101 | Murmansk , Russia, 183047Exelixis Clinical Site #80 | Nizhny Novgorod , Russia, 603137Exelixis Clinical Site #111 | Saint Petersburg , Russia, 197758Exelixis Clinical Site #90 | Saint Petersburg , Russia, 197758Exelixis Clinical Site #73 | Sochi , Russia, 354057Exelixis Clinical Site #106 | Singapore , Singapore, 169610Exelixis Clinical Site #97 | Singapore , Singapore, 217562Exelixis Clinical Site #116 | Singapore , Singapore, 308433Exelixis Clinical Site #157 | Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, 10408Exelixis Clinical Site #127 | Suwon Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, 16499Exelixis Clinical Site #77 | Busan , South Korea, 47392Exelixis Clinical Site #86 | Busan , South Korea, 49201Exelixis Clinical Site #114 | Busan , South Korea, 49241Exelixis Clinical Site #75 | Incheon , South Korea, 22332Exelixis Clinical Site #104 | Seoul , South Korea, 03080Exelixis Clinical Site #105 | Seoul , South Korea, 03080Exelixis Clinical Site #99 | Seoul , South Korea, 05505Exelixis Clinical Site #79 | Seoul , South Korea, 06273Exelixis Clinical Site #93 | Seoul , South Korea, 06351Exelixis Clinical Site #28 | Santander Cantabria, Spain, 39008Exelixis Clinical Site #21 | Majadahonda Madrid, Spain, 28222Exelixis Clinical Site #22 | Majadahonda Madrid, Spain, 28222Exelixis Clinical Site #59 | Pamplona Navarre, Spain, 31008Exelixis Clinical Site #103 | Barcelona , Spain, 08908Exelixis Clinical Site #164 | Madrid , Spain, 28007Exelixis Clinical Site #63 | Madrid , Spain, 28046Exelixis Clinical Site #168 | Valencia , Spain, 46009Exelixis Clinical Site #45 | Zaragoza , Spain, 50009Exelixis Clinical Site #115 | Basel , Switzerland, 4031Exelixis Clinical Site #172 | Bern , Switzerland, 3010Exelixis Clinical Site #110 | Sankt Gallen , Switzerland, 9007Exelixis Clinical Site #61 | Zurich , Switzerland, 8091Exelixis Clinical Site #119 | Changhua , Taiwan, 500Exelixis Clinical Site #162 | Kaohsiung City , Taiwan, 833Exelixis Clinical Site #161 | Taichung , Taiwan, 407Exelixis Clinical Site #197 | Tainan , Taiwan, 704Exelixis Clinical Site #145 | Tainan , Taiwan, 736Exelixis Clinical Site #82 | Taipei , Taiwan, 10002Exelixis Clinical Site #128 | Taipei , Taiwan, 10491Exelixisi Clinical Site #100 | Taipei , Taiwan, 11217Exelixis Clinical Site #94 | Taoyuan , Taiwan, 333Exelixis Clinical Site #96 | Pathum Wan Bangkok, Thailand, 10330Exelixis Clinical Site #139 | Hat Yai Changwat Songkhla, Thailand, 90110Exelixis Clinical Site #143 | Chiang Mai , Thailand, 50200Exelixis Clinical Site #183 | Khon Kaen , Thailand, 40002Exelixis Clinical Site #189 | Istanbul Instanbul, Turkey (Türkiye), 34098Exelixis Clinical Site #193 | Ankara , Turkey (Türkiye), 06010Exelixis Clinical Site #178 | Ankara , Turkey (Türkiye), 06230Exelixis Clinical Site #173 | Edirne , Turkey (Türkiye), 22030Exelixis Clinical Site #179 | Istanbul , Turkey (Türkiye), 34214Exelixis Clinical Site #180 | Malatya , Turkey (Türkiye), 44280Exelixis Clinical Site #125 | Chernivtsi , Ukraine, 58013Exelixis Clinical Site #122 | Dnipro , Ukraine, 49102Exelixis Clinical Site #123 | Kharkiv , Ukraine, 61070Exelixis Clinical Site #124 | Odesa , Ukraine, 65055Exelixis Clinical Site #138 | Uzhhorod , Ukraine, 88000Exelixis Clinical Site #83 | Bristol England, United Kingdom, BS2 8EDExelixis Clinical Site #87 | Cambridge England, United Kingdom, CB2 0QQExelixis Clinical Site #151 | London England, United Kingdom, NW3 2QGExelixis Clinical Site #129 | London England, United Kingdom, W12 0HSExelixis Clinical Site #192 | Manchester England, United Kingdom, M20 4BXExelixis Clinical Site #196 | Belfast Northern Ireland, United Kingdom, BT9 7AB
Investigators
Study Director: Medical Director, Exelixis
Study Documents (Full Text)
Documents provided by ExelixisStudy Protocol  January 23, 2023Documents provided by ExelixisStatistical Analysis Plan  February 4, 2021