Overactive Bladder

BOTOX for injection is indicated for the treatment of overactive bladder with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency, in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of an anticholinergic medication.

Detrusor Overactivity associated with a Neurologic Condition

BOTOX is indicated for the treatment of urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition (e.g., SCI, MS) in adults who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of an anticholinergic medication.

BOTOX is indicated for the treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in pediatric patients 5 years of age and older who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of anticholinergic medication.

BOTOX is indicated for the prophylaxis of headaches in adult patients with chronic migraine (≥15 days per month with headache lasting 4 hours a day or longer).

Limitations of Use

Safety and effectiveness have not been established for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine (14 headache days or fewer per month) in seven placebo-controlled studies.

BOTOX is indicated for the treatment of spasticity in patients 2 years of age and older.

Limitations of Use  

BOTOX has not been shown to improve upper extremity functional abilities, or range of motion at a joint affected by a fixed contracture.

BOTOX is indicated for the treatment of adults with cervical dystonia, to reduce the severity of abnormal head position and neck pain associated with cervical dystonia.

BOTOX is indicated for the treatment of severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis that is inadequately managed with topical agents.

Limitations of Use
The safety and effectiveness of BOTOX for hyperhidrosis in other body areas have not been established. Weakness of hand muscles and blepharoptosis may occur in patients who receive BOTOX for palmar hyperhidrosis and facial hyperhidrosis, respectively. Patients should be evaluated for potential causes of secondary hyperhidrosis (e.g., hyperthyroidism) to avoid symptomatic treatment of hyperhidrosis without the diagnosis and/or treatment of the underlying disease.

Safety and effectiveness of BOTOX have not been established for the treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis in pediatric patients under age 18.

BOTOX is indicated for the treatment of strabismus and blepharospasm associated with dystonia, including benign essential blepharospasm or VII nerve disorders in patients 12 years of age and older.

The potency Units of BOTOX (onabotulinumtoxinA) for injection are specific to the preparation and assay method utilized. They are not interchangeable with other preparations of botulinum toxin products and, therefore, units of biological activity of BOTOX cannot be compared to nor converted into units of any other botulinum toxin products assessed with any other specific assay method [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 ) and Description ( 11 )].

Indication specific dosage and administration recommendations should be followed. When initiating treatment, the lowest recommended dose should be used. In treating adult patients for one or more indications, the maximum cumulative dose should not exceed 400 Units, in a 3-month interval. In pediatric patients, the total dose should not exceed the lower of 10 Units/kg body weight or 340 Units, in a 3-month interval [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.7 )].

The safe and effective use of BOTOX depends upon proper storage of the product, selection of the correct dose, and proper reconstitution and administration techniques. An understanding of standard electromyographic techniques is also required for treatment of strabismus, upper or lower limb spasticity, and may be useful for the treatment of cervical dystonia. Physicians administering BOTOX must understand the relevant neuromuscular and structural anatomy of the area involved and any alterations to the anatomy due to prior surgical procedures and disease, especially when injecting near the lungs.

Do not use BOTOX and contact Allergan (1-800-678-1605) if:

• the carton labeling does not contain an intact seal with a translucent silver Allergan logo (on both ends of the carton) or the seal has a black circle with a diagonal line through it (i.e., prohibition sign),
• the vial label does not contain a holographic film containing the name “Allergan” within rainbow colored horizontal lines, or
• the U.S. License number 1145 is not present on the vial label and carton labeling [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling ( 16 )].

Prior to injection, reconstitute each vacuum-dried vial of BOTOX with only sterile, preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP. Draw up the proper amount of diluent in the appropriate size syringe (see Table 1, or for specific instructions for detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition, see Section 2.3 ), and slowly inject the diluent into the vial. Discard the vial if a vacuum does not pull the diluent into the vial. Gently mix BOTOX with the diluent by rotating the vial. Record the date and time of reconstitution on the space on the label. BOTOX should be administered within 24 hours after reconstitution. During this time period, unused reconstituted BOTOX should be stored in a refrigerator (2° to 8°C) for up to 24 hours until time of use. BOTOX vials are for single-dose only. Discard any unused portion.

Table 1:             Dilution Instructions for BOTOX Vials (100 Units and 200 Units)**

Diluent* Added to 100 Unit Vial	Resulting Dose Units per 0.1 mL	Diluent* Added to 200 Unit Vial	Resulting Dose Units per 0.1 mL
1 mL 2 mL 4 mL 8 mL 10 mL	10 Units 5 Units 2.5 Units 1.25 Units 1 Unit	1 mL 2 mL 4 mL 8 mL 10 mL	20 Units 10 Units 5 Units 2.5 Units 2 Units

   *Preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP Only

   **For Detrusor Overactivity associated with a Neurologic Condition Dilution, see Section  2.3

Note: These dilutions are calculated for an injection volume of 0.1 mL. A decrease or increase in the BOTOX dose is also possible by administering a smaller or larger injection volume - from 0.05 mL (50% decrease in dose) to 0.15 mL (50% increase in dose).

An injection of BOTOX is prepared by drawing into an appropriately sized sterile syringe an amount of the properly reconstituted toxin slightly greater than the intended dose. Air bubbles in the syringe barrel are expelled and the syringe is attached to an appropriate injection needle. Patency of the needle should be confirmed. A new, sterile needle and syringe should be used to enter the vial on each occasion for removal of BOTOX.

Reconstituted BOTOX should be clear, colorless, and free of particulate matter. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration and whenever the solution and the container permit.

General  

Patients must not have a urinary tract infection (UTI) at the time of treatment. Prophylactic antibiotics, except aminoglycosides, [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] should be administered 1-3 days pre-treatment, on the treatment day, and 1-3 days post-treatment to reduce the likelihood of procedure-related UTI.

Patients should discontinue anti-platelet therapy at least 3 days before the injection procedure. Patients on anti-coagulant therapy need to be managed appropriately to decrease the risk of bleeding.

Appropriate caution should be exercised when performing a cystoscopy.

Overactive Bladder

An intravesical instillation of diluted local anesthetic with or without sedation may be used prior to injection, per local site practice. If a local anesthetic instillation is performed, the bladder should be drained and irrigated with sterile saline before injection.

The recommended dose is 100 Units of BOTOX, and is the maximum recommended dose. The recommended dilution is 100 Units/10 mL with preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (see Table 1). Dispose of any unused saline.

Reconstituted BOTOX (100 Units/10 mL) is injected into the detrusor muscle via a flexible or rigid cystoscope, avoiding the trigone. The bladder should be instilled with enough saline to achieve adequate visualization for the injections, but over-distension should be avoided.

The injection needle should be filled (primed) with approximately 1 mL of reconstituted BOTOX prior to the start of injections (depending on the needle length) to remove any air.

The needle should be inserted approximately 2 mm into the detrusor, and 20 injections of 0.5 mL each (total volume of 10 mL) should be spaced approximately 1 cm apart (see Figure 1). For the final injection, approximately 1 mL of sterile normal saline should be injected so that the remaining BOTOX in the needle is delivered to the bladder. After the injections are given, patients should demonstrate their ability to void prior to leaving the clinic. The patient should be observed for at least 30 minutes post-injection and until a spontaneous void has occurred.

Patients should be considered for reinjection when the clinical effect of the previous injection has diminished (median time until patients qualified for the second treatment of BOTOX in double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies was 169 days [~24 weeks]), but no sooner than 12 weeks from the prior bladder injection.  

Figure 1 :       Injection Pattern for Intradetrusor Injections for Treatment of Overactive Bladder and Detrusor Overactivity A ssociated with a Neurologic Condition

Detrusor Overactivity associated with a Neurologic Condition

An intravesical instillation of diluted local anesthetic with or without sedation, or general anesthesia may be used prior to injection, per local site practice. If a local anesthetic instillation is performed, the bladder should be drained and irrigated with sterile saline before injection.

The recommended dose is 200 Units of BOTOX per treatment, and should not be exceeded.

200 Unit Vial of BOTOX

• Reconstitute a 200 Unit vial of BOTOX with 6 mL of preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP and mix the vial gently.
• Draw 2 mL from the vial into each of three 10 mL syringes.
• Complete the reconstitution by adding 8 mL of preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP into each of the 10 mL syringes, and mix gently. This will result in three 10 mL syringes each containing 10 mL (~67 Units in each), for a total of 200 Units of reconstituted BOTOX.
• Use immediately after reconstitution in the syringe. Dispose of any unused saline.

100 Unit Vial of BOTOX

• Reconstitute two 100 Unit vials of BOTOX, each with 6 mL of preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP and mix the vials gently.
• Draw 4 mL from each vial into each of two 10 mL syringes. Draw the remaining 2 mL from each vial into a third 10 mL syringe for a total of 4 mL in each syringe.
• Complete the reconstitution by adding 6 mL of preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP into each of the 10 mL syringes, and mix gently. This will result in three 10 mL syringes each containing 10 mL (~67 Units in each), for a total of 200 Units of reconstituted BOTOX.
• Use immediately after reconstitution in the syringe. Dispose of any unused saline.

Reconstituted BOTOX (200 Units/30 mL) is injected into the detrusor muscle via a flexible or rigid cystoscope, avoiding the trigone. The bladder should be instilled with enough saline to achieve adequate visualization for the injections, but over-distension should be avoided.

The injection needle should be filled (primed) with approximately 1 mL of reconstituted BOTOX prior to the start of injections (depending on the needle length) to remove any air.

The needle should be inserted approximately 2 mm into the detrusor, and 30 injections of 1 mL (~6.7 Units) each (total volume of 30 mL) should be spaced approximately 1 cm apart (see Figure 1). For the final injection, approximately 1 mL of sterile normal saline should be injected so that the remaining BOTOX in the needle is delivered to the bladder. After the injections are given, the saline used for bladder wall visualization should be drained. The patient should be observed for at least 30 minutes post-injection.

Patients should be considered for re-injection when the clinical effect of the previous injection diminishes (median time to qualification for re-treatment in the double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies was 295-337 days [42-48 weeks] for BOTOX 200 Units), but no sooner than 12 weeks from the prior bladder injection.

Patients must not have a urinary tract infection (UTI) at the time of treatment. Oral prophylactic antibiotics, except aminoglycosides, [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] should be administered 1-3 days pre-treatment, on the treatment day, and 1-3 days post-treatment to reduce the likelihood of procedure-related UTI. Alternatively, for patients receiving general anesthesia (or conscious sedation) for the treatment of detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition, one dose of IV prophylactic antibiotics, except aminoglycosides, [see Drug Interactions ( 7.1 )] may be administered prior to treatment administration on the day of treatment.

Patients should discontinue anti-platelet therapy at least 3 days before the injection procedure. Patients on anti-coagulant therapy need to be managed appropriately to decrease the risk of bleeding.

Appropriate caution should be exercised when performing a cystoscopy.

• In patients 5 years to less than 12 years of age: Consider general anesthesia (or conscious sedation) prior to injection, per local site practice.
• In patients 12 years of age or older: Consider an intravesical instillation of diluted local anesthetic with or without sedation, or general anesthesia prior to injection, per local site practice.

At a minimum, consider a diluted instillation of local anesthetic for all age groups. If a local anesthetic instillation is performed, drain and irrigate the bladder with sterile saline before injection.

If patient’s body weight is greater than or equal to 34 kg, the recommended dosage is 200 Units of BOTOX per treatment administered as an intradetrusor injection after dilution:

• Reconstitute BOTOX to result in 20 Units BOTOX/mL in the vial(s):◦ BOTOX 200 Unit vial: add 10 mL of preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP and mix the vial gently. ◦ BOTOX 100 Unit vials: add 5 mL of preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP to each of two 100 Unit vials of BOTOX and mix the vials gently.
• Draw 10 mL from the vial(s) into one 10 mL dosing syringe.
• Use immediately after reconstitution in the syringe. Dispose of any unused saline.

If patient’s body weight is less than 34 kg, the recommended dosage is 6 Units/kg body weight administered as a bladder injection after dilution (refer to Table 2):

• Reconstitute BOTOX to result in 20 Units BOTOX/mL in the vial(s):◦ BOTOX 200 Unit vial: add 10 mL of preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP and mix the vial gently.◦ BOTOX 100 Unit vial(s): add 5 mL of preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP to one 100 Unit vial of BOTOX (if final dose is less than or equal to 100 U) or to each of two 100 Unit vials of BOTOX (if final dose is greater than 100 U) and mix the vial(s) gently.
• Refer to Table 2 for dilution instructions (i.e., the amount of reconstituted BOTOX and additional diluent to draw into one 10 mL dosing syringe).
• Use BOTOX immediately after reconstitution in the syringe. Dispose of any unused preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP.

Table 2:       BOTOX Dilution Instructions and Final Dosing for Patients with Body Weight < 34 kg

Body Weight (kg)	Volume of reconstituted BOTOX and Diluent * (mL) to draw into dosing syringe to achieve a final volume of 10 mL		Final dose of BOTOX in dosing syringe
	BOTOX (mL)	Diluent* (mL)
12 to less than 14	3.6	6.4	72 Units
14 to less than 16	4.2	5.8	84 Units
16 to less than 18	4.8	5.2	96 Units
18 to less than 20	5.4	4.6	108 Units
20 to less than 22	6	4	120 Units
22 to less than 24	6.6	3.4	132 Units
24 to less than 26	7.2	2.8	144 Units
26 to less than 28	7.8	2.2	156 Units
28 to less than 30	8.4	1.6	168 Units
30 to less than 32	9	1	180 Units
32 to less than 34	9.6	0.4	192 Units

      *Preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP Only

Reconstituted BOTOX is injected into the detrusor muscle via a flexible or rigid cystoscope, avoiding the trigone. The bladder should be instilled with enough saline to achieve adequate visualization for the injections, but over-distension should be avoided.

The injection needle should be filled (primed) with approximately 1 mL of reconstituted BOTOX prior to the start of injections (depending on the needle length) to remove any air.

The needle should be inserted approximately 2 mm into the detrusor, and 20 injections of 0.5 mL each (total volume of 10 mL) should be spaced approximately 1 cm apart (see Figure 1). For the final injection, approximately 1 mL of sterile normal saline should be injected so that the remaining BOTOX in the needle is delivered to the bladder. After the injections are given, the saline used for bladder wall visualization should be drained. The patient should be observed for at least 30 minutes post-injection.

Patients should be considered for re-injection when the clinical effect of the previous injection diminishes (median time to qualification for re-treatment in the double-blind, parallel group clinical study was 207 days [30 weeks] for BOTOX 200 Units), but no sooner than 12 weeks from the prior bladder injection.

The recommended dilution is 200 Units/4 mL or 100 Units/2 mL, with a final concentration of 5 Units per 0.1 mL (see Table 1). The recommended dose for treating chronic migraine is 155 Units administered intramuscularly using a sterile 30-gauge, 0.5 inch needle as 0.1 mL (5 Units) injections per each site. Injections should be divided across 7 specific head/neck muscle areas as specified in the diagrams and Table 3 below. A one inch needle may be needed in the neck region for patients with thick neck muscles. With the exception of the procerus muscle, which should be injected at one site (midline), all muscles should be injected bilaterally with half the number of injection sites administered to the left, and half to the right side of the head and neck. The recommended re-treatment schedule is every 12 weeks.

Diagrams 1-4: Recommended Injection Sites (A through G) for Chronic Migraine      

Table 3:             BOTOX Dosing by Muscle for Chronic Migraine

Head/Neck Area	Recommended Dose (Number of Sites a )
Frontalisb	20 Units divided in 4 sites
Corrugatorb	10 Units divided in 2 sites
Procerus	5 Units in 1 site
Occipitalisb	30 Units divided in 6 sites
Temporalisb	40 Units divided in 8 sites
Trapeziusb	30 Units divided in 6 sites
Cervical Paraspinal Muscle Groupb	20 Units divided in 4 sites
Total Dose:	155 Units divided in 31 sites

^a Each IM injection site = 0.1 mL = 5 Units BOTOX

^b Dose distributed bilaterally

General

Dosing in initial and sequential treatment sessions should be tailored to the individual based on the size, number and location of muscles involved, severity of spasticity, the presence of local muscle weakness, the patient’s response to previous treatment, or adverse event history with BOTOX.

The recommended dilution is 200 Units/4 mL or 100 Units/2 mL with preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (see Table 1). The lowest recommended starting dose should be used, and no more than 50 Units per site should generally be administered. An appropriately sized needle (e.g., 25-30 gauge) may be used for superficial muscles, and a longer 22 gauge needle may be used for deeper musculature. Localization of the involved muscles with techniques such as needle electromyographic guidance, nerve stimulation, or ultrasound is recommended.

Repeat BOTOX treatment may be administered when the effect of a previous injection has diminished, but generally no sooner than 12 weeks after the previous injection. The degree and pattern of muscle spasticity at the time of re-injection may necessitate alterations in the dose of BOTOX and muscles to be injected.

Adult Upper Limb Spasticity

In clinical trials, doses ranging from 75 Units to 400 Units were divided among selected muscles (see Table 4 and Figure 2) at a given treatment session.

Table 4:       BOTOX Dosing by Muscle for Adult Upper Limb Spasticity

Muscle	Recommended Dose Total Dosage (Number of Sites)
Biceps Brachii	60 Units to 200 Units divided in 2 to 4 sites
Brachioradialis	45 Units to 75 Units divided in 1 to 2 sites
Brachialis	30 Units to 50 Units divided in 1 to 2 sites
Pronator Teres	15 Units to 25 Units in 1 site
Pronator Quadratus	10 Units to 50 Units in 1 site
Flexor Carpi Radialis	12.5 Units to 50 Units in 1 site
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris	12.5 Units to 50 Units in 1 site
Flexor Digitorum Profundus	30 Units to 50 Units in 1 site
Flexor Digitorum Sublimis	30 Units to 50 Units in 1 site
Lumbricals/Interossei	5 Units to 10 Units in 1 site
Adductor Pollicis	20 Units in 1 site
Flexor Pollicis Longus	20 Units in 1 site
Flexor pollicis brevis/ Opponens pollicis	5 Units to 25 Units in 1 site

Figure 2 :       Injection Sites for Adult Upper Limb Spasticity

Adult Lower Limb Spasticity

The recommended dose for treating adult lower limb spasticity is 300 Units to 400 Units divided among 5 muscles (gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus) (see Table 5 and Figure 3).

Table 5:             BOTOX Dosing by Muscle for Adult Lower Limb Spasticity

Muscl e	Recommended Dose Total Dosage (Number of Sites)
Gastrocnemius medial head	75 Units divided in 3 sites
Gastrocnemius lateral head	75 Units divided in 3 sites
Soleus	75 Units divided in 3 sites
Tibialis Posterior	75 Units divided in 3 sites
Flexor hallucis longus	50 Units divided in 2 sites
Flexor digitorum longus	50 Units divided in 2 sites

Figure   3 :       Inj e ction Sites   for   Adult Lower Limb   Spa s t icity

General

Localization of the involved muscles with techniques such as needle electromyographic guidance, nerve stimulation, or ultrasound is recommended. When treating both lower limbs or the upper and lower limbs in combination, the total dose should not exceed the lower of 10 Units/kg body weight or 340 Units, in a 3-month interval [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.6 )]. Additional general adult spasticity dosing information is also applicable to pediatric spasticity patients [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.6 )].

Pediatric Upper Limb Spasticity

The recommended dose for treating pediatric upper limb spasticity is 3 Units/kg to 6 Units/kg divided among the affected muscles (see Table 6 and Figure 4). The total dose of BOTOX administered per treatment session in the upper limb should not exceed 6 Units/kg or 200 Units, whichever is lower.

Table 6:             BOTOX Dosing by Muscle for Pediatric Upper Limb Spasticity

Muscle	Recommended Dose and Number of Sites
Biceps Brachii	1.5 Units/kg to 3 Units/kg divided in 4 sites
Brachialis	1 Unit/kg to 2 Units/kg divided in 2 sites
Brachioradialis	0.5 Units/kg to 1 Unit/kg divided in 2 sites
Flexor Carpi Radialis	1 Unit/kg to 2 Units/kg divided in 2 sites
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris	1 Unit/kg to 2 Units/kg divided in 2 sites
Flexor Digitorum Profundus	0.5 Units/kg to 1 Unit/kg divided in 2 sites
Flexor Digitorum Sublimis	0.5 Units/kg to 1 Unit/kg divided in 2 sites

Figure 4:       Injection Sites for Pediatric Upper Limb Spasticity

Pediatric Lower Limb Spasticity

The recommended dose for treating pediatric lower limb spasticity is 4 Units/kg to 8 Units/kg divided among the affected muscles (see Table 7 and Figure 5). The total dose of BOTOX administered per treatment session in the lower limb should not exceed 8 Units/kg or 300 Units, whichever is lower.

Table 7:             BOTOX Dosing by Muscle for Pediatric Lower Limb Spasticity

Muscl e	Recommend e d   Dose Total Dosage (Number of Sites)
Gastrocnemius medial head	1 Unit/kg to 2 Units/kg divided in 2 sites
Gastrocnemius lateral head	1 Unit/kg to 2 Units/kg divided in 2 sites
Soleus	1 Unit/kg to 2 Units/kg divided in 2 sites
Tibialis Posterior	1 Unit/kg to 2 Units/kg divided in 2 sites

Figure 5 :       Injection Sites for Pediatric Lower Limb Spasticity

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled patients who had extended histories of receiving and tolerating BOTOX injections, with prior individualized adjustment of dose. The mean BOTOX dose administered to patients in this study was 236 Units (25th to 75th percentile range of 198 Units to 300 Units). The BOTOX dose was divided among the affected muscles [see Clinical Studies ( 14.7 )].

Dosing in initial and sequential treatment sessions should be tailored to the individual patient based on the patient’s head and neck position, localization of pain, muscle hypertrophy, patient response, and adverse event history. The initial dose for a patient without prior use of BOTOX should be at a lower dose, with subsequent dosing adjusted based on individual response. Limiting the total dose injected into the sternocleidomastoid muscle to 100 Units or less may decrease the occurrence of dysphagia [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.5 , 5.6 )].

The recommended dilution is 200 Units/2 mL, 200 Units/4 mL, 100 Units/1 mL, or 100 Units/2 mL with preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP, depending on volume and number of injection sites desired to achieve treatment objectives (see Table 1). In general, no more than 50 Units per site should be administered using a sterile needle (e.g., 25-30 gauge) of an appropriate length. Localization of the involved muscles with electromyographic guidance may be useful.

Clinical improvement generally begins within the first two weeks after injection with maximum clinical benefit at approximately six weeks post-injection. In the double-blind, placebo-controlled study most subjects were observed to have returned to pre-treatment status by 3 months post-treatment.

The recommended dose is 50 Units per axilla. The hyperhidrotic area to be injected should be defined using standard staining techniques, e.g., Minor’s Iodine-Starch Test. The recommended dilution is 100 Units/4 mL with preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP (see Table 1). Using a sterile 30 gauge needle, 50 Units of BOTOX (2 mL) is injected intradermally in 0.1 to 0.2 mL aliquots to each axilla evenly distributed in multiple sites (10-15) approximately 1-2 cm apart.

Repeat injections for hyperhidrosis should be administered when the clinical effect of a previous injection diminishes.

Instructions for the Minor’s Iodine-Starch Test Procedure:

Patients should shave underarms and abstain from use of over-the-counter deodorants or antiperspirants for 24 hours prior to the test. Patient should be resting comfortably without exercise or hot drinks for approximately 30 minutes prior to the test. Dry the underarm area and then immediately paint it with iodine solution. Allow the area to dry, then lightly sprinkle the area with starch powder. Gently blow off any excess starch powder. The hyperhidrotic area will develop a deep blue-black color over approximately 10 minutes.

Each injection site has a ring of effect of up to approximately 2 cm in diameter. To minimize the area of no effect, the injection sites should be evenly spaced as shown in Figure 6.

Figure   6 :       Injection Pattern for Primary Axillary Hyperhidrosis

Each dose is injected to a depth of approximately 2 mm and at a 45° angle to the skin surface, with the bevel side up to minimize leakage and to ensure the injections remain intradermal. If injection sites are marked in ink, do not inject BOTOX directly through the ink mark to avoid a permanent tattoo effect.

For blepharospasm, reconstituted BOTOX is injected using a sterile, 27-30 gauge needle without electromyographic guidance. The initial recommended dose is 1.25 Units-2.5 Units (0.05 mL to 0.1 mL volume at each site) injected into the medial and lateral pre-tarsal orbicularis oculi of the upper lid and into the lateral pre-tarsal orbicularis oculi of the lower lid. Avoiding injection near the levator palpebrae superioris may reduce the complication of ptosis. Avoiding medial lower lid injections, and thereby reducing diffusion into the inferior oblique, may reduce the complication of diplopia. Ecchymosis occurs easily in the soft eyelid tissues. This can be prevented by applying pressure at the injection site immediately after the injection.

The recommended dilution to achieve 1.25 Units is 100 Units/8 mL; for 2.5 Units it is 100 Units/4 mL (see Table 1).

In general, the initial effect of the injections is seen within three days and reaches a peak at one to two weeks post-treatment. Each treatment lasts approximately three months, following which the procedure can be repeated. At repeat treatment sessions, the dose may be increased up to two-fold if the response from the initial treatment is considered insufficient, usually defined as an effect that does not last longer than two months. However, there appears to be little benefit obtainable from injecting more than 5 Units per site. Some tolerance may be found when BOTOX is used in treating blepharospasm if treatments are given any more frequently than every three months, and is rare to have the effect be permanent.

The cumulative dose of BOTOX treatment for blepharospasm in a 30-day period should not exceed 200 Units.

BOTOX is intended for injection into extraocular muscles utilizing the electrical activity recorded from the tip of the injection needle as a guide to placement within the target muscle. Injection without surgical exposure or electromyographic guidance should not be attempted. Physicians should be familiar with electromyographic technique.

To prepare the eye for BOTOX injection, it is recommended that several drops of a local anesthetic and an ocular decongestant be given several minutes prior to injection.

The volume of BOTOX injected for treatment of strabismus should be between 0.05-0.15 mL per muscle.

The initial listed doses of the reconstituted BOTOX [see Dosage and Administration ( 2.2 )] typically create paralysis of the injected muscles beginning one to two days after injection and increasing in intensity during the first week. The paralysis lasts for 2-6 weeks and gradually resolves over a similar time period. Overcorrections lasting over six months have been rare. About one half of patients will require subsequent doses because of inadequate paralytic response of the muscle to the initial dose, or because of mechanical factors such as large deviations or restrictions, or because of the lack of binocular motor fusion to stabilize the alignment.

Initial D oses in Units 

Use the lower listed doses for treatment of small deviations. Use the larger doses only for large deviations.

• For vertical muscles, and for horizontal strabismus of less than 20 prism diopters: 1.25 Units-2.5 Units in any one muscle.
• For horizontal strabismus of 20 prism diopters to 50 prism diopters: 2.5 Units-5 Units in any one muscle.
• For persistent VI nerve palsy of one month or longer duration: 1.25 Units-2.5 Units in the medial rectus muscle.

Subsequent D oses for R esidual or R ecurrent S trabismus

• It is recommended that patients be re-examined 7-14 days after each injection to assess the effect of that dose.
• Patients experiencing adequate paralysis of the target muscle that require subsequent injections should receive a dose comparable to the initial dose.
• Subsequent doses for patients experiencing incomplete paralysis of the target muscle may be increased up to two-fold compared to the previously administered dose.
• Subsequent injections should not be administered until the effects of the previous dose have dissipated as evidenced by substantial function in the injected and adjacent muscles.
• The maximum recommended dose as a single injection for any one muscle is 25 Units.

The recommended dilution to achieve 1.25 Units is 100 Units/8 mL; for 2.5 Units it is 100 Units/4 mL (see Table 1).

Postmarketing safety data from BOTOX and other approved botulinum toxins suggest that botulinum toxin effects may, in some cases, be observed beyond the site of local injection. The symptoms are consistent with the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin and may include asthenia, generalized muscle weakness, diplopia, ptosis, dysphagia, dysphonia, dysarthria, urinary incontinence, and breathing difficulties. These symptoms have been reported hours to weeks after injection. Swallowing and breathing difficulties can be life threatening and there have been reports of death related to spread of toxin effects. The risk of symptoms is probably greatest in children treated for spasticity but symptoms can also occur in adults treated for spasticity and other conditions, and particularly in those patients who have an underlying condition that would predispose them to these symptoms. In unapproved uses and in approved indications, symptoms consistent with spread of toxin effect have been reported at doses comparable to or lower than doses used to treat cervical dystonia and spasticity. Patients or caregivers should be advised to seek immediate medical care if swallowing, speech or respiratory disorders occur.

No definitive serious adverse event reports of distant spread of toxin effect associated with BOTOX for blepharospasm at the recommended dose (30 Units and below), severe primary axillary hyperhidrosis at the recommended dose (100 Units), strabismus, or for chronic migraine at the labeled doses have been reported.

The potency Units of BOTOX are specific to the preparation and assay method utilized. They are not interchangeable with other preparations of botulinum toxin products and, therefore, units of biological activity of BOTOX cannot be compared to nor converted into units of any other botulinum toxin products assessed with any other specific assay method [see Description ( 11 )].

Serious adverse reactions, including excessive weakness, dysphagia, and aspiration pneumonia, with some adverse reactions associated with fatal outcomes, have been reported in patients who received BOTOX injections for unapproved uses. In these cases, the adverse reactions were not necessarily related to distant spread of toxin, but may have resulted from the administration of BOTOX to the site of injection and/or adjacent structures. In several of the cases, patients had pre-existing dysphagia or other significant disabilities. There is insufficient information to identify factors associated with an increased risk for adverse reactions associated with the unapproved uses of BOTOX. The safety and effectiveness of BOTOX for unapproved uses have not been established.

Serious and/or immediate hypersensitivity reactions have been reported. These reactions include anaphylaxis, serum sickness, urticaria, soft tissue edema, and dyspnea. If such a reaction occurs, further injection of BOTOX should be discontinued and appropriate medical therapy immediately instituted. One fatal case of anaphylaxis has been reported in which lidocaine was used as the diluent, and consequently the causal agent cannot be reliably determined.

Individuals with peripheral motor neuropathic diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or neuromuscular junction disorders (e.g., myasthenia gravis or Lambert-Eaton syndrome) should be monitored when given botulinum toxin. Patients with known or unrecognized neuromuscular disorders  or neuromuscular junction disorders may be at increased risk of clinically significant effects including generalized muscle weakness, diplopia, ptosis, dysphonia, dysarthria, severe dysphagia and respiratory compromise from therapeutic doses of BOTOX [see   Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.6 ) ]. 

Treatment with BOTOX and other botulinum toxin products can result in swallowing or breathing difficulties. Patients with pre-existing swallowing or breathing difficulties may be more susceptible to these complications. In most cases, this is a consequence of weakening of muscles in the area of injection that are involved in breathing or oropharyngeal muscles that control swallowing or breathing [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )]. 

Deaths as a complication of severe dysphagia have been reported after treatment with botulinum toxin. Dysphagia may persist for several months, and require use of a feeding tube to maintain adequate nutrition and hydration. Aspiration may result from severe dysphagia and is a particular risk when treating patients in whom swallowing or respiratory function is already compromised.

Treatment with botulinum toxins may weaken neck muscles that serve as accessory muscles of ventilation. This may result in a critical loss of breathing capacity in patients with respiratory disorders who may have become dependent upon these accessory muscles. There have been postmarketing reports of serious breathing difficulties, including respiratory failure.

Patients with smaller neck muscle mass and patients who require bilateral injections into the sternocleidomastoid muscle for the treatment of cervical dystonia have been reported to be at greater risk for dysphagia. Limiting the dose injected into the sternocleidomastoid muscle may reduce the occurrence of dysphagia. Injections into the levator scapulae may be associated with an increased risk of upper respiratory infection and dysphagia.

Patients treated with botulinum toxin may require immediate medical attention should they develop problems with swallowing, speech or respiratory disorders. These reactions can occur within hours to weeks after injection with botulinum toxin [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )].

Patients with compromised respiratory status treated with BOTOX for spasticity should be monitored closely. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study in adult patients treated for upper limb spasticity with stable reduced pulmonary function (defined as FEV₁ 40-80% of predicted value and FEV₁/FVC ≤ 0.75), the event rate in change of Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) ≥15% or ≥20% was generally greater in patients treated with BOTOX than in patients treated with placebo (see Table 8).

 

Table 8 :       Event R ate P er P atient T reatment C ycle A mong Adult Upper Limb Spasticity P atients with R educed L ung F unction   W ho E xperienced at L east a 15% or 20% D ecrease in FVC   F rom B aseline at Week 1, 6, 12 P ost-injection with U p to T wo T reatment C ycles with BOTOX or P lacebo

	BOTOX 360 Units		BOTOX 240 Units		Placebo
	≥15%	≥20%	≥15%	≥20%	≥15%	≥20%
Week 1	4%	0%	3%	0%	7%	3%
Week 6	7%	4%	4%	2%	2%	2%
Week 12	10%	5%	2%	1%	4%	1%

Differences from placebo were not statistically significant

In adult spasticity patients with reduced lung function, upper respiratory tract infections were also reported more frequently as adverse reactions in patients treated with BOTOX than in patients treated with placebo [se e Warnings and Precautions ( 5.10 )].

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study in adult patients with detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition and restrictive lung disease of neuromuscular etiology [defined as FVC 50-80% of predicted value in patients with spinal cord injury between C5 and C8, or MS] the event rate in change of Forced Vital Capacity ≥15% or ≥20% was generally greater in patients treated with BOTOX than in patients treated with placebo (see  Table 9).

Table 9 :       Number and P ercent of P atients E xperiencing at L east a 15% or 20% D ecrease in FVC F rom B aseline at Week 2, 6, 12   P ost- Injection with BOTOX or P lacebo

	BOTOX 200 Units		Placebo
	≥15%	≥20%	≥15%	≥20%
Week 2	0/15 (0%)	0/15 (0%)	1/11 (9%)	0/11 (0%)
Week 6	2/13 (15%)	1/13 (8%)	0/12 (0%)	0/12 (0%)
Week 12	0/12(0%)	0/12 (0%)	0/7 (0%)	0/7 (0%)

Reduced blinking from BOTOX  injection of the orbicularis muscle can lead to corneal exposure, persistent epithelial defect, and corneal ulceration, especially in patients with VII nerve disorders. Vigorous treatment of any epithelial defect should be employed. This may require protective drops, ointment, therapeutic soft contact lenses, or closure of the eye by patching or other means.

During the administration of BOTOX for the treatment of strabismus, retrobulbar hemorrhages sufficient to compromise retinal circulation have occurred. It is recommended that appropriate instruments to decompress the orbit be accessible.

Bronchitis was reported more frequently as an adverse reaction in adult patients treated for upper limb spasticity with BOTOX (3% at 251 Units-360 Units total dose), compared to placebo (1%). In adult patients with reduced lung function treated for upper limb spasticity, upper respiratory tract infections were also reported more frequently as adverse reactions in patients treated with BOTOX (11% at 360 Units total dose; 8% at 240 Units total dose) compared to placebo (6%). In adult patients treated for lower limb spasticity, upper respiratory tract infections were reported more frequently as an adverse reaction in patients treated with BOTOX (2% at 300 Units to 400 Units total dose) compared to placebo (1%). In pediatric patients treated for upper limb spasticity, upper respiratory tract infections were reported more frequently as an adverse reaction in patients treated with BOTOX (17% at 6 Units/kg and 10% at 3 Units/kg) compared to placebo (9%). In pediatric patients treated for lower limb spasticity, upper respiratory tract infection was not reported with an incidence greater than placebo.

Autonomic dysreflexia associated with intradetrusor injections of BOTOX could occur in patients treated for detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition and may require prompt medical therapy. In clinical trials, the incidence of autonomic dysreflexia was greater in adult patients treated with BOTOX 200 Units compared with placebo (1.5% versus 0.4%, respectively).

BOTOX increases the incidence of urinary tract infection [see Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 )]. Clinical trials for overactive bladder excluded patients with more than 2 UTIs in the past 6 months and those taking antibiotics chronically due to recurrent UTIs. Use of BOTOX for the treatment of overactive bladder in such patients and in patients with multiple recurrent UTIs during treatment should only be considered when the benefit is likely to outweigh the potential risk. 

Due to the risk of urinary retention, treat only patients who are willing and able to initiate catheterization post-treatment, if required, for urinary retention.

In patients who are not catheterizing, post-void residual (PVR) urine volume should be assessed within 2 weeks post-treatment and periodically as medically appropriate up to 12 weeks, particularly in patients with multiple sclerosis or diabetes mellitus. Depending on patient symptoms, institute catheterization if PVR urine volume exceeds 200 mL and continue until PVR falls below 200 mL. Instruct patients to contact their physician if they experience difficulty in voiding as catheterization may be required.

The incidence and duration of urinary retention is described below for adult patients with overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition who received BOTOX or placebo injections. 

Overactive Bladder

In double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in patients with OAB, the proportion of subjects who initiated clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) for urinary retention following treatment with BOTOX or placebo is shown in Table 10. The duration of post-injection catheterization for those who developed urinary retention is also shown. 

Table 10:       Proportion of Patients Catheterizing for Urinary Retention and Duration of Catheterization Following an Injection in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials in OAB

Timepoint	BOTOX 100 Units (N=552)	Placebo (N=542)
Proportion of Patients Catheterizing for Urinary Retention
At any time during complete treatment cycle	6.5% (n=36)	0.4% (n=2)
Duration of Catheterization for Urinary Retention (Days)
Median	63	11
Min, Max	1, 214	3, 18

Patients with diabetes mellitus treated with BOTOX were more likely to develop urinary retention than those without diabetes, as shown in Table 11.

Table 11:       Proportion of Patients Experiencing Urinary Retention Following an Injection in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials in OAB According to History of Diabetes Mellitus

	Patients with Diabet e s		Patients without D iabet e s
	BOTOX 100 Units (N=81)	Placebo (N=69)	BOTOX 100 Units (N=526)	Placebo (N=516)
Urinary retention	12.3% (n=10)	0	6.3% (n=33)	0.6% (n=3)

Adult Detrusor Overactivity associated with a Neurologic Condition

In two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in adult patients with detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition (NDO-1 and NDO-2), the proportion of subjects who were not using clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) prior to injection and who subsequently required catheterization for urinary retention following treatment with BOTOX 200 Units or placebo is shown in Table 12. The duration of post-injection catheterization for those who developed urinary retention is also shown.

Table 12:       Proportion of Adult Patients Not Using CIC at Baseline and then Catheterizing for Urinary Retention and Duration of Catheterization Following an Injection in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials

Timepoint	BOTOX 200 Units (N=108)	Placebo (N=104)
Proportion of Patients Catheterizing for Urinary Retention
At any time during complete treatment cycle	30.6% (n=33)	6.7% (n=7)
Duration of Catheterization for Urinary Retention (Days)
Median	289	358
Min, Max	1, 530	2, 379

Among adult patients not using CIC at baseline, those with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) were more likely to require CIC post-injection than those with Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) (see Table 13). 

Table 13:       Proportion of Adult Patients by Etiology (MS and SCI) Not Using CIC at Baseline and then Catheterizing for Urinary Retention Following an Injection in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials

Timepoint	MS		SCI
	BOTOX 200 Units (N=86)	Placebo (N=88)	BOTOX 200 Units (N=22)	Placebo (N=16)
At any time during complete treatment cycle	31% (n=27)	5% (n=4)	27% (n=6)	19% (n=3)

A placebo-controlled, double-blind post-approval 52 week study with BOTOX 100 Units (Study NDO-3) was conducted in non-catheterizing adult MS patients with urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition. Catheterization for urinary retention was initiated in 15.2% (10/66) of patients following treatment with BOTOX 100 Units versus 2.6% (2/78) on placebo at any time during the complete treatment cycle. The median duration of post-injection catheterization for those who developed urinary retention was 64 days for BOTOX 100 Units and 2 days for placebo. 

This product contains albumin, a derivative of human blood. Based on effective donor screening and product manufacturing processes, it carries an extremely remote risk for transmission of viral diseases and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). There is a theoretical risk for transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), but if that risk actually exists, the risk of transmission would also be considered extremely remote. No cases of transmission of viral diseases, CJD or vCJD have ever been identified for licensed albumin or albumin contained in other licensed products.

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, the adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

BOTOX and BOTOX Cosmetic contain the same active ingredient in the same formulation, but with different labeled Indications and Usage. Therefore, adverse reactions observed with the use of BOTOX Cosmetic also have the potential to be observed with the use of BOTOX.

In general, adverse reactions occur within the first week following injection of BOTOX and, while generally transient, may have a duration of several months or longer. Localized pain, infection, inflammation, tenderness, swelling, erythema, and/or bleeding/bruising may be associated with the injection. Symptoms associated with flu-like symptoms (e.g., nausea, fever, myalgia) have been reported after treatment. Needle-related pain and/or anxiety may result in vasovagal responses (including syncope, hypotension), which may require appropriate medical therapy.

Local weakness of the injected muscle(s) represents the expected pharmacological action of botulinum toxin. However, weakness of nearby muscles may also occur due to spread of toxin [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )].

Overactive Bladder

Table 14 presents the most frequently reported adverse reactions in double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials for overactive bladder occurring within 12 weeks of the first BOTOX treatment.

Table 14:       Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥2% of BOTOX Treated Patients and More Often than in Placebo-Treated Patients Within the First 12 Weeks after Intradetrusor Injection, in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials in Patients with OAB

Adverse Reactions	BOTOX 100 Units (N=552) %	Placebo (N=542) %
Urinary tract infection Dysuria Urinary retention Bacteriuria Residual urine volume*	18 9 6 4 3	6 7 0 2 0

*Elevated PVR not requiring catheterization. Catheterization was required for PVR ≥350 mL regardless of symptoms, and for PVR ≥200 mL to <350 mL with symptoms (e.g., voiding difficulty). 

A higher incidence of urinary tract infection was observed in patients with diabetes mellitus treated with BOTOX 100 Units and placebo than in patients without diabetes, as shown in Table 15. 

Table 15:       Proportion of Patients Experiencing Urinary Tract Infection Following an Injection in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials in OAB According to History of Diabetes Mellitus

	Patients with Diabet es		Patients without D iabet es
	B OTOX 100 Units (N=81) %	Placebo (N=69) %	B OTOX 100 Units (N=526) %	Placebo (N=516) %
Urinary tract infection (UTI)	31	12	26	10

The incidence of UTI increased in patients who experienced a maximum post-void residual (PVR) urine volume ≥200 mL following BOTOX injection compared to those with a maximum PVR <200 mL following BOTOX injection, 44% versus 23%, respectively.

No change was observed in the overall safety profile with repeat dosing during an open-label, uncontrolled extension trial.

Adult Detrusor Overactivity associated with a Neurologic Condition

Table 16 presents the most frequently reported adverse reactions in the double-blind, placebo-controlled studies within 12 weeks of injection for patients with detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition treated with BOTOX 200 Units.

Table 16:       Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥2% of BOTOX-Treated Patients and More Frequent than in Placebo-Treated Patients Within the First 12 Weeks after Intradetrusor Injection in Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials

Adverse Reactions	BOTOX 200 Units (N=262) %	Placebo (N=272) %
Urinary tract infection Urinary retention Hematuria	24 17 4	17 3 3

The following adverse reactions with BOTOX 200 Units were reported at any time following initial injection and prior to re-injection or study exit (median duration of exposure was 44 weeks): urinary tract infections (49%), urinary retention (17%), constipation (4%), muscular weakness (4%), dysuria (4%), fall (3%), gait disturbance (3%), and muscle spasm (2%).

In the Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients enrolled in the double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, the MS exacerbation annualized rate (i.e., number of MS exacerbation events per patient-year) was 0.23 for BOTOX and 0.20 for placebo.

No change was observed in the overall safety profile with repeat dosing.

Table 17 presents the most frequently reported adverse reactions in a placebo-controlled, double-blind post-approval 52 week study with BOTOX 100 Units (Study NDO-3) conducted in MS patients with urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition. These patients were not adequately managed with at least one anticholinergic agent and not catheterized at baseline. The table below presents the most frequently reported adverse reactions within 12 weeks of injection.

Table 17:       Adverse Reactions Reported in a Post Approval Study (NDO-3) by >2% of BOTOX Treated Patients and More Frequent than in Placebo-Treated Patients Within the First 12 Weeks after Intradetrusor Injection

Adverse Reactions	BOTOX 100 Unit s (N=66) %	Placebo (N=78) %
Urinary tract infection Bacteriuria Urinary retention Dysuria Residual urine volume*	26 9 15 5 17	6 5 1 1 1

* Elevated PVR  not requiring catheterization. Catheterization was required for PVR ≥350 mL regardless of symptoms, and for PVR ≥200 mL to <350 mL with symptoms (e.g., voiding difficulty).

The following adverse events with BOTOX 100 Units were reported at any time following initial injection and prior to re-injection or study exit (median duration of exposure was 51 weeks): urinary tract infections (39%), bacteriuria (18%), urinary retention (17%), residual urine volume* (17%), dysuria (9%), and hematuria (5%).

No difference in the MS exacerbation annualized rate (i.e., number of MS exacerbating events per patient-year) was observed (BOTOX =0, placebo =0.07).

Pediatric Detrusor Overactivity associated with a Neurologic Condition

Table 18 presents the most frequently reported adverse reactions in Study 191622-120, a double-blind, parallel-group study conducted in pediatric patients with detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition. These patients were not adequately managed with at least one anticholinergic agent and were using clean intermittent catheterization at baseline [see Clinical Studies ( 14.3 )]. The table below presents the most frequently reported adverse reactions during the 12 weeks following intradetrusor administration of BOTOX 200 Units.

Table 18:        Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥ 3% of BOTOX Treated Pediatric Patients within the First 12 Weeks after Intradetrusor Injection, Study 191622-120

Adverse Reactions	BOTOX 200 Unit (N=30)
Urinary tract infection	2 (7%)
Bacteriuria	6 (20%)
Leukocyturia	2 (7%)
Hematuria	1 (3%)

No change was observed in the overall safety profile with repeat dosing. 

The most common adverse reactions in patients who received BOTOX 6 U/kg and less than a total dose of 200 U in Study 191622-120 were urinary tract infection (UTI), bacteriuria and hematuria.

Chronic Migraine

In double-blind, placebo-controlled chronic migraine efficacy trials (Study 1 and Study 2), the discontinuation rate was 12% in the BOTOX treated group and 10% in the placebo-treated group. Discontinuations due to an adverse event were 4% in the BOTOX group and 1% in the placebo group. The most frequent adverse events leading to discontinuation in the BOTOX group were neck pain, headache, worsening migraine, muscular weakness and eyelid ptosis.

The most frequently reported adverse reactions following injection of BOTOX for chronic migraine appear in Table 19.

Table 19:       Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥2% of BOTOX Treated Patients and More Frequent than in Placebo-Treated Patients in Two Chronic Migraine Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials

Adverse Reactions	BOTOX 155 Units-195 Units (N=687) %		Placebo (N=692) %
Nervous system disorders    Headache    Migraine    Facial paresis	5 4 2		3 3 0
Eye disorders    Eyelid ptosis	4		<1
Infections and Infestations    Bronchitis	3		2
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders    Neck pain    Musculoskeletal stiffness    Muscular weakness    Myalgia    Musculoskeletal pain    Muscle spasms	9 4 4 3 3 2		3 1 <1 1 1 1
General disorders and administration site conditions    Injection site pain	3		2
Vascular Disorders    Hypertension	2		1

Other adverse reactions that occurred more frequently in the BOTOX group compared to the placebo group at a frequency less than 1% and potentially BOTOX related include: vertigo, dry eye, eyelid edema, dysphagia, eye infection, and jaw pain. Severe worsening of migraine requiring hospitalization occurred in approximately 1% of BOTOX treated patients in Study 1 and Study 2, usually within the first week after treatment, compared to 0.3% of placebo-treated patients.

Adult Upper Limb Spasticity

The most frequently reported adverse reactions following injection of BOTOX for adult upper limb spasticity appear in Table 20.

Table 20:       Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥2% of BOTOX Treated Patients and More Frequent than in Placebo-Treated Patients in Adult Upper Limb Spasticity Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials

Adverse Reactions	BOTOX   251 Units   - 360 Units (N=115) %	BOTOX   150 Units   - 250 Units (N=188) %	BOTOX     <150 Units (N=54) %	Placebo (N=182) %
Gastrointestinal disorder    Nausea	3	2	2	1
General disorders and administration site conditions    Fatigue	3	2	2	0
Infections and infestations    Bronchitis	3	2	0	1
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders    Pain in extremity    Muscular weakness	6 0	5 4	9 2	4 1

Twenty-two adult patients, enrolled in double-blind placebo controlled studies, received 400 Units or higher of BOTOX for treatment of upper limb spasticity. In addition, 44 adults received 400 Units of BOTOX or higher for four consecutive treatments over approximately one year for treatment of upper limb spasticity. The type and frequency of adverse reactions observed in patients treated with 400 Units of BOTOX were similar to those reported in patients treated for upper limb spasticity with 360 Units of BOTOX.

Adult Lower Limb Spasticity

The most frequently reported adverse reactions following injection of BOTOX for adult lower limb spasticity appear in Table 21. Two hundred thirty-one patients enrolled in a double-blind placebo controlled study (Study 7) received 300 Units to 400 Units of BOTOX, and were compared with 233 patients who received placebo. Patients were followed for an average of 91 days after injection.

Table 21:       Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥2% of BOTOX Treated Patients and More Frequent than in Placebo-Treated Patients in Adult Lower Limb Spasticity Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (Study 7)

Adverse Reactions	B OTOX (N=231) %	Placebo (N=233) %
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders    Arthralgia    Back pain    Myalgia	3 3 2	1 2 1
Infections and infestations    Upper respiratory tract infection	2	1
General disorders and administration site conditions    Injection site pain	2	1

Pediatric Upper Limb Spasticity

The most frequently reported adverse reactions following injection of BOTOX in pediatric patients 2 to 17 years of age with upper limb spasticity appear in Table 22. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Study 1), 78 patients were treated with 3 Units/kg of BOTOX, and 77 patients received 6 Units/kg to a maximum dose of 200 Units of BOTOX, and were compared to 79 patients who received placebo [see Clinical Studies ( 14.6 )]. Patients were followed for an average of 91 days after injection.

Table 22:       Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥2% of BOTOX 6 Units/kg Treated Patients and More Frequent than in Placebo-Treated Patients in Pediatric Upper Limb Spasticity Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (Study 1)

Adverse Reactions	BOTOX 6 Units/kg (N= 77 ) %	BOTOX 3 Units/kg (N= 78 ) %	Placebo (N=79) %
Infections and infestations    Upper respiratory tract infection*	17	10	9
General disorders and administration site conditions    Injection site pain	4	3	1
Gastrointestinal disorders    Nausea    Constipation	4 3	0 0	0 1
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Rhinorrhea Nasal congestion	4 3	0 0	1 1
Nervous system disorders    Seizure**	5	1	0

^*Includes upper respiratory tract infection and viral upper respiratory tract infection

^**Includes seizure and partial seizure

Pediatric Lower Limb Spasticity

The most frequently reported adverse reactions following injection of BOTOX in pediatric patients 2 to 17 years of age with lower limb spasticity appear in Table 23. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Study 2), 126 patients were treated with 4 Units/kg of BOTOX, and 128 patients received 8 Units/kg to a maximum dose of 300 Units of BOTOX, and were compared to 128 patients who received placebo [see Clinical Studies ( 14.6 ) ]. Patients were followed for an average of 89 days after injection.

Table 23:       Adverse Reactions Reported by ≥2% of BOTOX 8 Units/kg Treated Patients and More Frequent than in Placebo-Treated Patients in Pediatric Lower Limb Spasticity Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (Study 2)

Adverse Reactions	BOTOX 8 Units/kg (N=128) %	BOTOX 4 Units/kg (N=126) %	Placebo (N=128) %
General disorders and administration site conditions    Injection site erythema    Injection site pain	2 2	0 2	0 0
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders    Oropharyngeal pain	2	0	1
Injury, poisoning and procedural complications    Ligament sprain    Skin abrasion	2 2	1 0	0 0
Metabolism and nutrition disorders    Decreased appetite	2	0	0

Cervical Dystonia

In cervical dystonia patients evaluated for safety in double-blind and open-label studies following injection of BOTOX, the most frequently reported adverse reactions were dysphagia (19%), upper respiratory infection (12%), neck pain (11%), and headache (11%).

Other events reported in 2-10% of patients in any one study in decreasing order of incidence include: increased cough, flu syndrome, back pain, rhinitis, dizziness, hypertonia, soreness at injection site, asthenia, oral dryness, speech disorder, fever, nausea, and drowsiness. Stiffness, numbness, diplopia, ptosis, and dyspnea have been reported.

Dysphagia and symptomatic general weakness may be attributable to an extension of the pharmacology of BOTOX resulting from the spread of the toxin outside the injected muscles [see Warning s and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.6 )].

The most common severe adverse reaction associated with the use of BOTOX injection in patients with cervical dystonia is dysphagia with about 20% of these cases also reporting dyspnea [see Wa rnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.6 )]. Most dysphagia is reported as mild or moderate in severity. However, it may be associated with more severe signs and symptoms [s ee Warnings and Precautions ( 5.6 )].

Additionally, reports in the literature include a case of a female patient who developed brachial plexopathy two days after injection of 120 Units of BOTOX for the treatment of cervical dystonia, and reports of dysphonia in patients who have been treated for cervical dystonia.

Primary Axillary Hyperhidrosis

The most frequently reported adverse reactions (3-10% of adult patients) following injection of BOTOX in double-blind studies included injection site pain and hemorrhage, non-axillary sweating, infection, pharyngitis, flu syndrome, headache, fever, neck or back pain, pruritus, and anxiety.

The data reflect 346 patients exposed to BOTOX 50 Units and 110 patients exposed to BOTOX 75 Units in each axilla.

Blepharospasm

In a study of blepharospasm patients who received an average dose per eye of 33 Units (injected at 3 to 5 sites) of the currently manufactured BOTOX, the most frequently reported adverse reactions were ptosis (21%), superficial punctate keratitis (6%), and eye dryness (6%).

Other events reported in prior clinical studies in decreasing order of incidence include: irritation, tearing, lagophthalmos, photophobia, ectropion, keratitis, diplopia, entropion, diffuse skin rash, and local swelling of the eyelid skin lasting for several days following eyelid injection.

In two cases of VII nerve disorder, reduced blinking from BOTOX injection of the orbicularis muscle led to serious corneal exposure, persistent epithelial defect, corneal ulceration and a case of corneal perforation. Focal facial paralysis, syncope, and exacerbation of myasthenia gravis have also been reported after treatment of blepharospasm.

Strabismus

Extraocular muscles adjacent to the injection site can be affected, causing vertical deviation, especially with higher doses of BOTOX. The incidence rates of these adverse effects in 2058 adults who received a total of 3650 injections for horizontal strabismus was 17%.

The incidence of ptosis has been reported to be dependent on the location of the injected muscles, 1% after inferior rectus injections, 16% after horizontal rectus injections and 38% after superior rectus injections.

In a series of 5587 injections, retrobulbar hemorrhage occurred in 0.3% of cases.

As with all therapeutic proteins, there is a potential for immunogenicity. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody (including neutralizing antibody) positivity in an assay may be influenced by several factors including assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medications, and underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to onabotulinumtoxinA in the studies described below with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.

In a long term, open-label study evaluating 326 cervical dystonia patients treated for an average of 9 treatment sessions with the current formulation of BOTOX, 4 (1.2%) patients had positive antibody tests. All 4 of these patients responded to BOTOX therapy at the time of the positive antibody test. However, 3 of these patients developed clinical resistance after subsequent treatment, while the fourth patient continued to respond to BOTOX therapy for the remainder of the study.

One patient among the 445 hyperhidrosis patients (0.2%), two patients among the 380 adult upper limb spasticity patients (0.5%), and no patients among 406 migraine patients with analyzed specimens developed the presence of neutralizing antibodies.

In one Phase 3 study and the open-label extension study in patients with pediatric lower limb spasticity, neutralizing antibodies developed in 2 of 264 patients (0.8%) treated with BOTOX for up to 5 treatment cycles. Both patients continued to experience clinical benefit following subsequent BOTOX treatments.

In overactive bladder patients with analyzed specimens from the two phase 3 studies and the open-label extension study, neutralizing antibodies developed in 0 of 954 patients (0.0%) while receiving BOTOX 100 Unit doses and 3 of 260 patients (1.2%) after subsequently receiving at least one 150 Unit dose. Response to subsequent BOTOX treatment was not different following seroconversion in these three patients.

In detrusor overactivity associated with neurologic condition patients with analyzable specimens in the adult drug development program (including the open-label extension study), neutralizing antibodies developed in 3 of 300 patients (1.0%) after receiving only BOTOX 200 Unit doses and 5 of 258 patients (1.9%) after receiving at least one 300 Unit dose. Following development of neutralizing antibodies in these 8 patients, 4 continued to experience clinical benefit, 2 did not experience clinical benefit, and the effect on the response to BOTOX in the remaining 2 patients is not known. In 99 pediatric patients who had a negative baseline result for binding antibodies or neutralizing antibodies and had at least one evaluable post-baseline value from one randomized double-blind study and one double-blind extension study, no patients developed neutralizing antibodies after receiving 50 Units to 200 Units of BOTOX.

The data reflect the patients whose test results were considered positive for neutralizing activity to BOTOX in a mouse protection assay or negative based on a screening ELISA assay or mouse protection assay.

Formation of neutralizing antibodies to botulinum toxin type A may reduce the effectiveness of BOTOX treatment by inactivating the biological activity of the toxin. The critical factors for neutralizing antibody formation have not been well characterized. The results from some studies suggest that BOTOX injections at more frequent intervals or at higher doses may lead to greater incidence of antibody formation. The potential for antibody formation may be minimized by injecting with the lowest effective dose given at the longest feasible intervals between injections.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of BOTOX. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. These reactions include: abdominal pain; alopecia, including madarosis; anorexia; brachial plexopathy; denervation/muscle atrophy; diarrhea; dry eye; eyelid edema (following periocular injection); hyperhidrosis; hypoacusis; hypoaesthesia; localized muscle twitching; malaise; Mephisto sign; paresthesia; peripheral neuropathy; radiculopathy; erythema multiforme, dermatitis psoriasiform, and psoriasiform eruption; strabismus; tinnitus; and visual disturbances.

There have been spontaneous reports of death, sometimes associated with dysphagia, pneumonia, and/or other significant debility or anaphylaxis, after treatment with botulinum toxin [s ee Warnings and Precautions ( 5.4 , 5.6 )].

There have also been reports of adverse events involving the cardiovascular system, including arrhythmia and myocardial infarction, some with fatal outcomes. Some of these patients had risk factors including cardiovascular disease. The exact relationship of these events to the botulinum toxin injection has not been established.

New onset or recurrent seizures have also been reported, typically in patients who are predisposed to experiencing these events. The exact relationship of these events to the botulinum toxin injection has not been established.

Co-administration of BOTOX and aminoglycosides or other agents interfering with neuromuscular transmission (e.g., curare-like compounds) should only be performed with caution as the effect of the toxin may be potentiated.

Use of anticholinergic drugs after administration of BOTOX may potentiate systemic anticholinergic effects.

The effect of administering different botulinum neurotoxin products at the same time or within several months of each other is unknown. Excessive neuromuscular weakness may be exacerbated by administration of another botulinum toxin prior to the resolution of the effects of a previously administered botulinum toxin.

Excessive weakness may also be exaggerated by administration of a muscle relaxant before or after administration of BOTOX.

Risk Summary

There are no studies or adequate data from postmarketing surveillance on the developmental risk associated with use of BOTOX in pregnant women. In animal studies, administration of BOTOX during pregnancy resulted in adverse effects on fetal growth (decreased fetal weight and skeletal ossification) at clinically relevant doses, which were associated with maternal toxicity [see Data ].

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriages in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown.

Data

Animal Data

When BOTOX (4, 8, or 16 Units/kg) was administered intramuscularly to pregnant mice or rats two times during the period of organogenesis (on gestation days 5 and 13), reductions in fetal body weight and decreased fetal skeletal ossification were observed at the two highest doses. The no-effect dose for developmental toxicity in these studies (4 Units/kg) is approximately equal to the human dose of 400 Units, on a body weight basis (Units/kg).

When BOTOX was administered intramuscularly to pregnant rats (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 4, or 8 Units/kg) or rabbits (0.063, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 Units/kg) daily during the period of organogenesis (total of 12 doses in rats, 13 doses in rabbits), reduced fetal body weights and decreased fetal skeletal ossification were observed at the two highest doses in rats and at the highest dose in rabbits. These doses were also associated with significant maternal toxicity, including abortions, early deliveries, and maternal death. The developmental no-effect doses in these studies of 1 Unit/kg in rats and 0.25 Units/kg in rabbits are less than the human dose of 400 Units, based on Units/kg.

When pregnant rats received single intramuscular injections (1, 4, or 16 Units/kg) at three different periods of development (prior to implantation, implantation, or organogenesis), no adverse effects on fetal development were observed. The developmental no-effect level for a single maternal dose in rats (16 Units/kg) is approximately 2 times the human dose of 400 Units, based on Units/kg.

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of BOTOX in human or animal milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for BOTOX and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from BOTOX or from the underlying maternal conditions.

Detrusor Overactivity associated with a Neurologic Condition

The safety and effectiveness of BOTOX for detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition have been established in pediatric patients 5 years of age and older who have an inadequate response to or are intolerant of anticholinergic medication. Use of BOTOX in this patient population is based on the results of a randomized, double-blind, parallel group trial in 113 pediatric patients 5 to 17 years of age (inclusive) with detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition (Study 191622-120) and a long-term, multicenter, double-blind, long-term extension trial (Study 191622-121) [see Clinical Studies ( 14.3 )]. The most common adverse reactions in this population were urinary tract infection, bacteriuria, hematuria, and leukocyturia [see Adverse Reactions   ( 6.1 ) ].

The safety and effectiveness of BOTOX have not been established in patients with NDO younger than 5 years of age.

Overactive Bladder

The safety and effectiveness of BOTOX for the treatment of overactive bladder have not been established in pediatric patients.

Efficacy was not demonstrated in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multiple-dose clinical study which was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BOTOX in pediatric patients aged 12 to 17 years with overactive bladder. Fifty-five patients who had an inadequate response to or were intolerant of at least one anticholinergic medication were treated with BOTOX. There was not a statistically significant difference in the mean change from baseline in the daily average frequency of daytime urinary incontinence episodes (primary efficacy endpoint) at week 12 post-treatment when a medium and high dose were each compared to a low dose of BOTOX. The adverse reactions in pediatric patients treated with BOTOX were comparable with the known safety profile in adults with overactive bladder. 

Prophylaxis of Headaches in Chronic Migraine

Safety and effectiveness in patients below the age of 18 years have not been established.

In a 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 123 adolescent patients (ages 12 to below 18 years) with chronic migraine were randomized to receive BOTOX 74 Units, BOTOX 155 Units, or placebo, for one injection cycle. This trial did not establish the efficacy of BOTOX, compared with placebo, for the prophylaxis of headaches in adolescents with chronic migraine.

Spasticity

Safety and effectiveness have been established in pediatric patients 2 to 17 years of age [see Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 ), Adverse Reactions ( 6.1 ) , and Clinical Studies ( 14.6 )]. The safety and effectiveness of BOTOX have been established by evidence from adequate and well-controlled studies of BOTOX in patients 2 to 17 years of age with upper and lower limb spasticity.

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 2 years have not been established [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 )].

Axillary Hyperhidrosis

Safety and effectiveness in patients below the age of 18 years have not been established.

Cervical Dystonia

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 16 years have not been established.

Blepharospasm and Strabismus

Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 12 years have not been established.

Juvenile Animal Data

In a study in which juvenile rats received intramuscular injection of BOTOX (0, 8, 16, or 24 Units/kg) every other week from postnatal day 21 for 12 weeks, changes in bone size/geometry associated with decreased bone density and bone mass were observed at all doses, in association with limb disuse, decreased muscle contraction, and decreased body weight gain. Impairment of fertility and male reproductive organ histopathology (degeneration of seminiferous tubules of the testis) were observed at the mid and high doses. Bone and male reproductive organ effects showed evidence of reversibility after dosing cessation. The no-effect dose for adverse developmental effects in juvenile animals (8 Units/kg) is similar to the human dose (400 Units) on a body weight (kg) basis.

Of the 2145 adult patients in placebo-controlled clinical studies of BOTOX for the treatment of spasticity, 33.5% were 65 or older, and 7.7% were 75 years of age or older. No overall differences in safety were observed between elderly patients and adult patients younger than 65 years of age. 

In clinical studies of BOTOX across other indications, no overall differences in safety were observed between elderly patients and younger adult patients, with the exception of Overactive Bladder (see below). Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger adult patients, but greater sensitivity of some older individuals cannot be ruled out.

Overactive Bladder

Of 1242 overactive bladder patients in placebo-controlled clinical studies of BOTOX, 41.4% were 65 years of age or older, and 14.7% were 75 years of age or older. Adverse reactions of UTI and urinary retention were more common in patients 65 years of age or older in both placebo and BOTOX groups compared to younger patients (see Table 24). Otherwise, there were no overall differences in the safety profile following BOTOX treatment between patients aged 65 years and older compared to adult patients younger than 65 years of age in these studies.

Table 24:       Incidence of Urinary Tract Infection and Urinary Retention according to Age Group during First Placebo-Controlled Treatment, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials in Patients with OAB

	<65 Years		65 to 74 Years		≥ 75 Years
Adverse Reaction s	B OTOX 100 Units ( N=344 ) %	Placebo ( N=348 ) %	B OTOX 100 Units ( N=169 ) %	Placebo ( N=151 ) %	B OTOX 100 Units ( N=94 ) %	Placebo ( N=86 ) %
Urinary tract infection	21	7	30	13	38	19
Urinary retention	6	0.6	8	0	9	1

Observed effectiveness was comparable between these age groups in placebo-controlled clinical studies.

BOTOX blocks neuromuscular transmission by binding to acceptor sites on motor or autonomic nerve terminals, entering the nerve terminals, and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine. This inhibition occurs as the neurotoxin cleaves SNAP-25, a protein integral to the successful docking and release of acetylcholine from vesicles situated within nerve endings. When injected intramuscularly at therapeutic doses, BOTOX produces partial chemical denervation of the muscle resulting in a localized reduction in muscle activity. In addition, the muscle may atrophy, axonal sprouting may occur, and extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors may develop. There is evidence that reinnervation of the muscle may occur, thus slowly reversing muscle denervation produced by BOTOX.

When injected intradermally, BOTOX produces temporary chemical denervation of the sweat gland resulting in local reduction in sweating.

Following intradetrusor injection, BOTOX affects the efferent pathways of detrusor activity via inhibition of acetylcholine release. 

Using currently available analytical technology, it is not possible to detect BOTOX in the peripheral blood following intramuscular injection at the recommended doses.

Carcinogenesis

Long term studies in animals have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of BOTOX. 

Mutagenesis

BOTOX was negative in a battery of in vitro (microbial reverse mutation assay, mammalian cell mutation assay, and chromosomal aberration assay) and in vivo (micronucleus assay) genetic toxicology assays.

Impairment of Fertility

In fertility studies of BOTOX (4, 8, or 16 Units/kg) in which either male or female rats were injected intramuscularly prior to mating and on the day of mating (3 doses, 2 weeks apart for males: 2 doses, 2 weeks apart for females) to untreated animals, reduced fertility was observed in males at the intermediate and high doses and in females at the high dose. The no-effect doses for reproductive toxicity (4 Units/kg in males, 8 Units/kg in females) are approximately equal to the human dose of 400 Units, on a body weight basis (Units/kg).

In a study to evaluate inadvertent peribladder administration, bladder stones were observed in 1 of 4 male monkeys that were injected with a total of 6.8 Units/kg divided into the prostatic urethra and proximal rectum (single administration). No bladder stones were observed in male or female monkeys following injection of up to 36 Units/kg (~12X the highest human bladder dose) directly to the bladder as either single or 4 repeat dose injections or in female rats for single injections up to 100 Units/kg (~33X the highest human bladder dose [200 Units], based on Units/kg).

Two double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multi-center, 24-week clinical studies were conducted in patients with OAB with symptoms of urge urinary incontinence, urgency, and frequency (Studies OAB-1 and OAB-2). Patients needed to have at least 3 urinary urgency incontinence episodes and at least 24 micturitions in 3 days to enter the studies. A total of 1105 patients, whose symptoms had not been adequately managed with anticholinergic therapy (inadequate response or intolerable side effects), were randomized to receive either 100 Units of BOTOX (n=557), or placebo (n=548). Patients received 20 injections of study drug (5 Units of BOTOX or placebo) spaced approximately 1 cm apart into the detrusor muscle.

In both studies, significant improvements compared to placebo in the primary efficacy variable of change from baseline in daily frequency of urinary incontinence episodes were observed for BOTOX 100 Units at the primary time point of week 12. Significant improvements compared to placebo were also observed for the secondary efficacy variables of daily frequency of micturition episodes and volume voided per micturition. These primary and secondary variables are shown in Table 25 and Table 26, and Figure 7 and Figure 8.

Table 25:       Baseline and Change from Baseline in Urinary Incontinence Episode Frequency, Micturition Episode Frequency and Volume Voided Per Micturition, Study OAB-1

	BOTOX 100 Units (N=278)	Placebo (N=272)	Treatment Difference	p-value
Daily Frequency of Urinary Incontinence Episodes a
Mean Baseline	5.5	5.1
Mean Change* at Week 2	-2.6	-1.0	-1.6
Mean Change* at Week 6	-2.8	-1.0	-1.8
Mean Change* at Week 12**	-2.5	-0.9	-1.6 (-2.1, -1.2)	<0.001
Daily Frequency of Micturition Episodes b
Mean Baseline	12.0	11.2
Mean Change† at Week 12**	-1.9	-0.9	-1.0 (-1.5, -0.6)	<0.001
Volume Voided per Micturition b (mL)
Mean Baseline	156	161
Mean Change† at Week 12**	38	8	30 (17, 43)	<0.001

^* Least squares (LS) mean change, treatment difference and p-value are based on an ANCOVA model with baseline value as covariate and treatment group and investigator as factors. Last observation carried forward (LOCF) values were used to analyze the primary efficacy variable.

^† LS mean change, treatment difference and p-value are based on an ANCOVA model with baseline value as covariate and stratification factor, treatment group and investigator as factors.

^** Primary timepoint

^a  Primary variable

^b Secondary variable

Table 26:       Baseline and Change from Baseline in Urinary Incontinence Episode Frequency, Micturition Episode Frequency and Volume Voided Per Micturition, Study OAB-2

	BOTOX 100 Units (N=275)	Placebo (N=269)	Treatment Difference	p-value
Daily Frequency of Urinary Incontinence Episodes a
Mean Baseline	5.5	5.7
Mean Change* at Week 2	-2.7	-1.1	-1.6
Mean Change* at Week 6	-3.1	-1.3	-1.8
Mean Change* at Week 12**	-3.0	-1.1	-1.9 (-2.5, -1.4)	<0.001
Daily Frequency of Micturition Episodes b
Mean Baseline	12.0	11.8
Mean Change† at Week 12**	-2.3	-0.6	-1.7 (-2.2, -1.3)	<0.001
Volume Voided per Micturition b (mL)
Mean Baseline	144	153
Mean Change† at Week 12**	40	10	31 (20, 41)	<0.001

  ^* LS mean change, treatment difference and p-value are based on an ANCOVA model with baseline value as covariate and treatment group and investigator as factors. LOCF values were used to analyze the primary efficacy variable.

^† LS mean change, treatment difference and p-value are based on an ANCOVA model with baseline value as covariate and stratification factor, treatment group and investigator as factors.

^** Primary timepoint

^a  Primary variable

^b Secondary variable

Figure   7 :       Mean Change from Baseline in Daily Frequency of Urinary Incontinence Episodes F ollowing I ntradetrusor I njection in Study OAB-1

Figure 8 :       Mean Change from Baseline in Daily Frequency of Urinary Incontinence Episodes F ollowing I ntradetrusor I njection in Study OAB-2

The median duration of response in Study OAB-1 and OAB-2, based on patient qualification for re-treatment, was 19-24 weeks for the BOTOX 100 Unit dose group compared to 13 weeks for placebo. To qualify for re-treatment, at least 12 weeks must have passed since the prior treatment, post-void residual urine volume must have been less than 200 mL and patients must have reported at least 2 urinary incontinence episodes over 3 days.

Two double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, multi-center clinical studies were conducted in patients with urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition who were either spontaneously voiding or using catheterization (Studies NDO-1 and NDO-2). A total of 691 spinal cord injury (T1 or below) or multiple sclerosis patients, who had an inadequate response to or were intolerant of at least one anticholinergic medication, were enrolled. These patients were randomized to receive either 200 Units of BOTOX (n=227), 300 Units of BOTOX (n=223), or placebo (n=241).

In both studies, significant improvements compared to placebo in the primary efficacy variable of change from baseline in weekly frequency of incontinence episodes were observed for BOTOX (200 Units) at the primary efficacy time point at week 6. Increases in maximum cystometric capacity and reductions in maximum detrusor pressure during the first involuntary detrusor contraction were also observed. These primary and secondary endpoints are shown in Table 27 and Table 28, and Figure 9 and Figure 10.

No additional benefit of BOTOX 300 Units over 200 Units was demonstrated.

Table 27:       Baseline and Change from Baseline in Weekly Urinary Incontinence Episode Frequency, Maximum Cystometric Capacity and Maximum Detrusor Pressure during First Involuntary Detrusor Contraction (cmH₂O) Study NDO-1

	BOTOX 200 Units	Placebo	Treatment Difference*	p-value*
Weekly Frequency of Urinary Incontinence Episodes a
N	134	146
Mean Baseline	32.3	28.3
Mean Change* at Week 2	-15.3	-10.0	-5.3	─
Mean Change* at Week 6**	-19.9	-10.6	-9.2	p<0.001
			(-13.1, -5.3)
Mean Change* at Week 12	-19.8	-8.8	-11.0	─
Maximum Cystometric Capacity b (mL)
N	123	129
Mean Baseline	253.8	259.1
Mean Change* at Week 6**	135.9	12.1	123.9	p<0.001
			(89.1, 158.7)
Maximum Detrusor Pressure during First Involuntary Detrusor Contraction b (cmH 2 O)
N	41	103
Mean Baseline	63.1	57.4
Mean Change* at Week 6**	-28.1	-3.7	-24.4	─

* LS mean change, treatment difference and p-value are based on an analysis using an ANCOVA model with baseline weekly endpoint as covariate and treatment group, etiology at study entry (spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis), concurrent anticholinergic therapy at screening, and investigator as factors. LOCF values were used to analyze the primary efficacy variable.

** Primary timepoint

^a Primary endpoint

^b Secondary endpoint

Table 28:       Baseline and Change from Baseline in Weekly Urinary Incontinence Episode Frequency, Maximum Cystometric Capacity and Maximum Detrusor Pressure during First Involuntary Detrusor Contraction (cmH₂O) in Study NDO-2

	BOTOX 200 Units	Placebo	Treatment Difference*	p-value*
Weekly Frequency of Urinary Incontinence Episodes a
N	91	91
Mean Baseline	32.7	36.8
Mean Change* at Week 2	-18.0	-7.9	-10.1	─
Mean Change* at Week 6**	-19.6	-10.8	-8.8	p=0.003
			(-14.5, -3.0)
Mean Change* at Week 12	-19.6	-10.7	-8.9	─
Maximum Cystometric Capacity b (mL)
N	88	85
Mean Baseline	239.6	253.8
Mean Change* at Week 6**	150.8	2.8	148.0	p<0.001
			(101.8, 194.2)
Maximum Detrusor Pressure during First Involuntary Detrusor Contraction b (cmH 2 O)
N	29	68
Mean Baseline	65.6	43.7
Mean Change* at Week 6**	-28.7	2.1	-30.7	─

* LS mean change, treatment difference and p-value are based on an analysis using an ANCOVA model with baseline weekly endpoint as covariate and treatment group, etiology at study entry (spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis), concurrent anticholinergic therapy at screening, and investigator as factors. LOCF values were used to analyze the primary efficacy variable.

** Primary timepoint

^a Primary endpoint

^b Secondary endpoint

Figure   9 :       Mean Change from Baseline in Weekly Frequency of Urinary Incontinence Episodes During Treatment Cycle 1 in Study NDO-1

Figure   10 :       Mean Change from Baseline in Weekly Frequency of Urinary Incontinence Episodes During Treatment Cycle 1 in Study NDO-2

The median duration of response in study NDO-1 and NDO-2, based on patient qualification for re-treatment was 295-337 days (42-48 weeks) for the 200 Units dose group compared to 96-127 days (13-18 weeks) for placebo. Re-treatment was based on loss of effect on incontinence episode frequency (50% of effect in Study NDO-1; 70% of effect in Study NDO-2).

A placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized post-approval 52 week study (Study NDO-3) was conducted in MS patients with urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity who were not adequately managed with at least one anticholinergic agent and not catheterizing at baseline. These patients were randomized to receive either 100 Units of BOTOX (n=66) or placebo (n=78).

Significant improvements compared to placebo in the primary efficacy variable of change from baseline in daily frequency of incontinence episodes were observed for BOTOX (100 Units) at the primary efficacy time point at week 6. Increases in maximum cystometric capacity and reductions in maximum detrusor pressure during the first involuntary detrusor contraction were also observed.  These primary and secondary endpoints are shown in Table 29.

Table 29:       Baseline and Change from Baseline in Daily Urinary Incontinence Episode Frequency, Maximum Cystometric Capacity and Maximum Detrusor Pressure during First Involuntary Detrusor Contraction (cmH₂O) in Study NDO-3

	BOTOX 1 00 Units	Placebo	Treatment Difference*	p-value*
Daily Frequency of Urinary Incontinence Episodes a
N	66	78
Mean Baseline	4.2	4.3
Mean Change* at Week 2	-2.9	-1.2	-1.7	─
Mean Change* at Week 6**	-3.4	-1.1	-2.3	p<0.001
			(-3.0, -1.7)
Mean Change* at Week 12	-2.7	-1.0	-1.8	─
Maximum Cystometric Capacity b (mL)
N	62	72
Mean Baseline	248.9	245.5
Mean Change* at Week 6**	134.4	3.5	130.9	p<0.001
			(94.8, 167.0)
Maximum Detrusor Pressure during First Involuntary Detrusor Contraction b (cmH 2 O)
N	25	51
Mean Baseline	42.4	39.0
Mean Change* at Week 6**	-19.2	2.7	-21.9
			(-37.5, -6.3)

* LS mean change, treatment difference and p-value are based on an analysis using an ANCOVA model with baseline daily endpoint as covariate and treatment group and propensity score stratification as factors. LOCF values were used to analyze the primary efficacy variable.

** Primary timepoint

^a Primary endpoint

^b Secondary endpoint

The median duration of response in study NDO-3, based on patient qualification for re-treatment was 362 days (52 weeks) for the BOTOX 100 Units dose group compared to 88 days (13 weeks) for placebo. To qualify for re-treatment, at least 12 weeks must have passed since the prior treatment, post-void residual urine volume must have been less than 200 mL and patients must have reported at least 2 urinary incontinence episodes over 3 days with no more than 1 incontinence-free day.

Study 191622-120 (NCT01852045) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical study conducted in patients 5 to 17 years of age with urinary incontinence due to detrusor overactivity associated with a neurologic condition and using clean intermittent catheterization. A total of 113 patients (including 99 with spinal dysraphism such as spina bifida, 13 with spinal cord injury and 1 with transverse myelitis) who had an inadequate response to or were intolerant of at least one anticholinergic medication were enrolled. The median age was 11 years (range: 5 to 17 years), 49% were female; 75% were White, 10% were Black. These patients were randomized to 50 Units, 100 Units or 200 Units, not to exceed 6 Units/kg body weight. Patients receiving less than the randomized dose due to the 6 Units/kg maximum, were assigned to the nearest dose group for analysis. The sample size for BOTOX 50 Units, 100 Units, and 200 Units were 38, 45