Ryplazim (plasminogen) injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution
Kedrion Biopharma, Inc.

Kedrion Biopharma, Inc.
Prometic Bioproduction Inc.
Cangene BioPharma, LLC
Ryplazim
plasminogen
Plasminogen
Plasminogen
Sucrose
Glycine
Sodium citrate, Unspecified form
Sodium chloride

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

RYPLAZIM® (plasminogen, human-tvmh) is plasma-derived human plasminogen indicated for the treatment of patients with plasminogen deficiency type 1 (hypoplasminogenemia).

RYPLAZIM® (plasminogen, human-tvmh) is plasma-derived human plasminogen indicated for the treatment of patients with plasminogen deficiency type 1 (hypoplasminogenemia). (1)

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

For intravenous use after reconstitution only.

For intravenous use after reconstitution only.

The recommended dosage of RYPLAZIM is 6.6 mg/kg body weight given every 2 to 4 days. (2.1)

2.1 Dosage

Dose Determination

The recommended dosage of RYPLAZIM is 6.6 mg/kg body weight administered intravenously every 2 to 4 days (Q2D to Q4D).

Calculate the total infusion volume of RYPLAZIM using Formula (1), which is based on a final plasminogen concentration of 5.5 mg/mL. Administer the exact infusion volume determined using Formula (1) to the patient.

Formula (1): Infusion volume (mL) = body weight (kg) × 1.2

May require more than one reconstituted vial of RYPLAZIM to obtain the infusion volume calculated using Formula (1). Round up the estimated number of vials using Formula (2).

Formula (2): Number of vials = Infusion volume (mL) × 0.08

Determination of Dosing Frequency

  • Obtain a baseline plasminogen activity level. If the patient is receiving plasminogen supplementation with fresh frozen plasma, allow for a 7-day washout period before obtaining baseline plasminogen activity level.
  • Initiate RYPLAZIM dosing at a frequency of every three days (Q3D).
  • Obtain a trough plasminogen activity level approximately 72 hours following the initial dose of RYPLAZIM and prior to the second dose (same time of day as initial dosing)
    • a.If the plasminogen activity level is < 10%Absolute change in plasminogen activity (%) above the baseline plasminogen level, change dosing frequency to Q2D;
    • b.If the plasminogen activity level is ≥ 10 and ≤ 20%
      above baseline, maintain dosing frequency at Q3D;
    • c.If the plasminogen activity level is > 20%
      above baseline, change dosing frequency to Q4D.
  • Maintain dosing frequency as determined above for 12 weeks while treating active lesions
    • a.If lesions do not resolve by 12 weeks, or there are new or recurrent lesions, increase dosing frequency in one-day increments every 4-8 weeks up to Q2D dosing while reassessing clinical improvement until lesion resolution or until the lesions stabilize without further worsening. If desired clinical change does not occur by 12 weeks, check trough plasminogen activity level.
      • 1)If the trough plasminogen activity level is ≥ 10%
        above the baseline trough level, consider other treatment options, such as surgical removal of the lesion in addition to plasminogen treatment.
      • 2)If the trough plasminogen activity level is < 10%
        above the baseline trough level, obtain a second trough plasminogen activity level to confirm. If low plasminogen activity level is confirmed in combination with no clinical efficacy, consider discontinuing plasminogen treatment due to the possibility of neutralizing antibodies [see Neutralizing Antibodies (5.5)].
    • b.If lesions resolve by 12 weeks, continue at same dosing frequency and monitor for new or recurrent lesions every 12 weeks.

2.2 Preparation and Reconstitution

Prepare RYPLAZIM within 3 hours of administration. Gather the following additional supplies before performing reconstitution and administration:

  • One 20-mL syringe per vial of RYPLAZIM for product reconstitution
  • 18- to 22-gauge needles for reconstitution and administration
  • Sterile Water for Injection, USP (SWFI) (10-mL, 20-mL or 50-mL vials)
  • One syringe disc filter per infusion (Baxter Supor® 5micron Syringe Filter or equivalent)
  • One (or more) administration syringe(s) (20-mL, 30-mL or 60-mL)
  • Alcohol wipes
  • Antiseptic surface wipes
  • Medical tape
  • Butterfly needle or sterile infusion set
  • 10 mL normal saline
  • Sterile gauze pad
  • Bandage

Reconstitution of RYPLAZIM

Determine the number of RYPLAZIM vials needed using Formula (2) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)]. Check the expiration date of each vial of RYPLAZIM. Discard any expired vials. Allow RYPLAZIM vials to equilibrate to room temperature before reconstitution (at least 15 minutes if stored at 5 °C). Do not refrigerate after reconstitution.

Work on a clean surface and wash hands before performing the following procedures.

  • Remove the caps from the RYPLAZIM vials and Sterile Water for Injection, USP (SWFI) vials to expose the central portion of the rubber stoppers.
  • Sterilize the surface of the rubber stoppers with alcohol wipes and allow to dry. Do not blow on it.
  • Using a 20-mL sterile syringe with a sterile 18- to 22-gauge needle, withdraw 12.5 mL of SWFI for each vial of RYPLAZIM.
    Note: If using 10-mL vials of SWFI, each vial of RYPLAZIM requires two 10-mL vials of SWFI. Withdraw 9.0 mL of SWFI from the first 10-mL vial. Discard the first needle, attach a new 18- to 22-gauge sterile needle and withdraw 3.5 mL SWFI from the second 10-mL vial to equal 12.5 mL. Discard the used SWFI vials. Repeat this process for each vial of RYPLAZIM that needs to be reconstituted.
    If using a 20-mL or 50-mL vial of SWFI, each vial of RYPLAZIM requires only one vial of SWFI for reconstitution. Discard the used SWFI vials.
  • Using the same needle and syringe gently and slowly add the 12.5 mL of SWFI to the RYPLAZIM vial, directing the syringe down toward the side of the RYPLAZIM vial to prevent foaming. This should resemble a stream along the side of the vial (Figure 1). Discard the used syringe and needle(s).
    Figure 1   
    Figure 1
  • Gently swirl the vial by rotating it slowly to ensure that the lyophilized powder dissolves fully (Figure 2). Do not shake the vial. RYPLAZIM should fully dissolve within 10 minutes. Discard the vial if RYPLAZIM is not fully dissolved after 10 minutes.
    Figure 2   
    Figure 2
  • Observe the reconstituted vials; the solution should be colorless and clear to slightly opalescent. Discard the vial if discoloration or particulate matter are observed.
  • Repeat Steps 1 to 6 above to reconstitute each additional vial of RYPLAZIM.
Figure 1
Figure 2

Preparation of RYPLAZIM for Administration

Select an administration syringe of appropriate volume based on the infusion volume calculated using Formula (1) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].

Note: A 30-mL syringe can hold up to 2 vials of reconstituted RYPLAZIM and a 60-mL syringe can hold up to 4 vials of reconstituted RYPLAZIM.

Using the selected administration syringe(s) with 18- to 22-gauge needle(s), slowly withdraw the reconstituted RYPLAZIM from each vial to administer the exact infusion volume calculated using Formula (1) [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)].

Do not mix RYPLAZIM with other medications.

2.3 Administration

For intravenous use only through a syringe disc filter.

Follow the steps below for infusion:

  • One filter is needed per infusion.
  • Only administer RYPLAZIM by infusing it into a vein through a syringe disc filter.
  • Inspect the solution in the syringe. Do not use if discoloration or particulate matter are observed.
  • Administer RYPLAZIM by a separate infusion line. Do not administer RYPLAZIM with other medications.
  • Draw 10 mL of normal saline into a different syringe. Push the plunger down to remove any air bubbles.
  • Attach a syringe disc filter to the pre-filled syringe of normal saline (from previous step) and the infusion tubing with the butterfly needle. (Figure 3)
            Figure 3
    Figure 3
  • Inject the normal saline through the syringe disc filter and butterfly needle tubing to remove any air bubbles.
  • Remove the normal saline syringe. The syringe disc filter must remain attached to the tubing, as it is required for administration of the RYPLAZIM. Discard the normal saline syringe.
  • Attach the administration syringe containing RYPLAZIM to the syringe disc filter that is connected to the butterfly needle tubing.
  • Choose a peripheral vein (e.g., antecubital or dorsum of hand). Clean the injection site with a sterile alcohol wipe and allow to dry. Do not blow on it.
  • Insert the butterfly infusion set needle in the peripheral vein, and tape in place.
  • Infuse the total dose of RYPLAZIM slowly over 10-30 minutes (approximately 5 mL/min). Using a timer (e.g., watch or clock), push the plunger of the syringe approximately 1 mL every 12 seconds. (Figure 4)
            Figure 4
    Figure 4
  • Discard any open vials, unused solution, and administration equipment following administration.
Figure 3
Figure 4

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

RYPLAZIM is available in a single-dose 50 mL vial containing 68.8 mg of plasminogen as a lyophilized powder for reconstitution with 12.5 mL of sterile water for injection (SWFI). After reconstitution, each vial will contain 5.5 mg/mL of plasminogen in a colorless and clear to slightly opalescent solution.

RYPLAZIM is available in a single-dose 50-mL vial containing 68.8 mg of plasminogen as a lyophilized powder for reconstitution with 12.5 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP (SWFI). After reconstitution, each vial will contain 5.5 mg/mL of plasminogen. (3)

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

RYPLAZIM is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to plasminogen or other components of RYPLAZIM [See Hypersensitivity Reactions (5.4)].

RYPLAZIM is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to plasminogen, or other components of RYPLAZIM. (4) (11)

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

  • Bleeding: RYPLAZIM administration may lead to bleeding at lesion sites or worsen active bleeding. Discontinue RYPLAZIM if serious bleeding occurs. Monitor patients during and for 4 hours after infusion when administering RYPLAZIM to patients with bleeding diatheses and patients taking anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, and other agents which may interfere with normal coagulation. (5.1)
  • Tissue Sloughing: Respiratory distress due to tissue sloughing may occur in patients with mucosal lesions in the tracheobronchial tree following RYPLAZIM administration. Please monitor appropriately. (5.2)
  • Transmission of Infectious Agents: RYPLAZIM is made from human blood and therefore carries a risk of transmitting infectious agents, e.g., viruses, the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) agent, and theoretically, the Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) agent. (5.3)
  • Hypersensitivity Reactions: Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, may occur with RYPLAZIM. If symptoms occur, discontinue RYPLAZIM and administer appropriate treatment. (5.4)
  • Neutralizing Antibodies: Neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) may develop, although were not observed in clinical trials. If clinical efficacy is not maintained (e.g., development of new or recurrent lesions), then determine plasminogen activity levels in plasma. (5.5)
  • Laboratory Abnormalities: Patients receiving RYPLAZIM may have elevated blood levels of D-dimer. D-dimer levels will lack interpretability in patients being screened for venous thromboembolism (VTE). (5.6)

5.1 Bleeding

Patients with plasminogen deficiency type 1 may bleed from active mucosal disease-related lesions during RYPLAZIM therapy. Depending on the lesion sites, this may manifest as gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, hemoptysis, epistaxis, vaginal bleeding, or hematuria.

RYPLAZIM may worsen active bleeding not related to disease lesions. One patient with a recent history of GI bleeding due to gastric ulcers experienced GI bleeding two days after receiving the second dose of RYPLAZIM. The patient received RYPLAZIM through a compassionate use program and the dose was 6.6 mg/kg body weight every 2 days. Endoscopy showed multiple ulcers with one actively bleeding ulcer near the pylorus. Given the mechanism of action of plasminogen in fibrinolysis, it is possible that RYPLAZIM played a role in either prolonging or worsening the active bleeding. RYPLAZIM has not been studied in patients at increased risk for bleeding due to disease or injury.

Prior to initiation of treatment with RYPLAZIM, confirm healing of lesions or wounds suspected as a source of a recent bleeding event. RYPLAZIM may prolong or worsen bleeding in patients with bleeding diatheses or in patients taking anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet drugs and other agents which may interfere with normal coagulation. Monitor patients during and for 4 hours after infusion when administering RYPLAZIM to patients with bleeding diatheses and patients taking anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, or other agents which may interfere with normal coagulation. If a patient develops uncontrolled bleeding (defined as any gastrointestinal bleeding or bleeding from any other site that persists longer than 30 minutes), seek emergency care and discontinue RYPLAZIM immediately.

5.2 Tissue Sloughing

Tissue sloughing at mucosal sites may occur after initiation of treatment with RYPLAZIM as plasminogen activity levels are restored to physiological levels and fibrinolysis occurs. Lesions in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems may slough following treatment resulting in bleeding or organ obstruction. Patients with tracheobronchial lesions may develop airway obstruction or hemoptysis. Closely monitor patients with either confirmed or suspected airway disease as manifested by cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, or changes in speech (dysphonia). Initiate the treatment with RYPLAZIM in an appropriate clinical setting with personnel trained in airway management and readily-available respiratory support equipment. Monitor at-risk patients in such a setting for a minimum of 4 hours after receiving their first dose of RYPLAZIM.

Patients with gastrointestinal and genitourinary lesions may experience tissue sloughing that causes pain, bleeding, or passage of tissue from affected organ systems. Patients should report persistent abdominal, flank, or pelvic pain to their physicians.

5.3 Transmission of Infectious Agents

Because RYPLAZIM is derived from human plasma, it carries a risk of transmitting infectious agents. Based on effective donor screening and product manufacturing processes, RYPLAZIM carries a remote risk for transmission of viral diseases and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). There is a theoretical risk for transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), but if that risk actually exists, the risk of transmission would also be considered extremely low. It is also possible that unknown infectious agents may be present in RYPLAZIM. The risk of infectious agent transmission has been reduced by screening plasma donors for prior exposure to certain viruses, testing for the presence of certain current virus infections, and including virus inactivation/removal steps in the manufacturing process for RYPLAZIM [see Description (11)].

Report any infection thought to be possibly transmitted by RYPLAZIM to Kedrion Biopharma, Inc. at 1-855-3KDRION (1-855-353-7466) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

5.4 Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, may occur with RYPLAZIM [see Contraindications (4)]. In case of a hypersensitivity reaction, discontinue RYPLAZIM immediately and treat according to standard medical practice.

5.5 Neutralizing Antibodies

Formation of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) to plasminogen following the administration of RYPLAZIM has not been reported to date [See Immunogenicity (6.2)]. Monitor patients for the loss of clinical efficacy as manifested by the development of new or recurrent lesions while on RYPLAZIM therapy, and obtain plasminogen activity trough levels to confirm that adequate plasminogen activity levels have been achieved and are being maintained [see Dosage and Administration (2)].

5.6 Laboratory Abnormalities

Patients receiving RYPLAZIM may have elevated levels of D-dimer in blood. Interpret D-dimer levels with caution in patients being screened for venous thromboembolism (VTE), as elevated levels may be associated with the physiological activity of RYPLAZIM (fibrinolysis of ligneous lesions) and not indicative of VTE. Consider other tests to screen for VTE in patients receiving RYPLAZIM, as D-dimer levels will lack interpretability.

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

The most frequent (incidence ≥ 10%) adverse reactions were abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, fatigue, extremity pain, hemorrhage, constipation, dry mouth, headache, dizziness, arthralgia, and back pain.

The most frequent (incidence ≥ 10%) adverse reactions in clinical trials were abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, fatigue, extremity pain, hemorrhage, constipation, dry mouth, headache, dizziness, arthralgia, and back pain. (6)


To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Kedrion Biopharma, Inc. at 1-855-3KDRION (1-855-353-7466) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

As clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

The safety data described in this section reflect exposure to RYPLAZIM in two single-arm, open-label clinical trials as well as expanded access and compassionate use programs for a total of 29 patients with plasminogen deficiency type 1 who received at least one dose of RYPLAZIM. Patients were between 11 months and 42 years of age. There were 18 pediatric patients and 11 adult patients. Fifteen patients were female. Twenty-eight patients were Caucasian, and one patient was Asian.

RYPLAZIM Trial 1 enrolled 7 patients (5 female) of whom 2 were pediatric patients (age 13 to 15 years) and 5 were adults. Five patients received two infusions: one 2 mg/kg infusion, and one 6 mg/kg infusion. Two patients received a single 6 mg/kg infusion. There were no adverse reactions in this trial.

RYPLAZIM Trial 2 enrolled 15 patients (11 female) of whom 6 were pediatric patients (age 4 to 16 years) and 9 were adults. Six of the 15 patients participated in RYPLAZIM Trial 1. Treatment duration ranged from 48 to 124 weeks. All patients received RYPLAZIM at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg administered every second, third or fourth day for 48 weeks.

A long-term treatment protocol enrolled 12 patients (8 female) of whom 8 were pediatric patients (age 16 months to 16 years) and 4 were adults. Eight patients in this treatment protocol continued from Trial 2 and 4 patients were from individual expanded access protocols in the US. All 12 patients continue to receive RYPLAZIM at the dose of 6.6 mg/kg every 2 to 4 days.

Fourteen patients (5 female) received RYPLAZIM through expanded access programs. There were 8 pediatric patients (age 11 months to 17 years) and 6 adults. Patients' dosage regimens were adjusted based on clinical response, and the regimens varied between 6.6 mg/kg every 1 to 7 days.

Table 1 shows the most frequent adverse reactions (incidence ≥ 10%) observed in the two trials and in the treatment protocols.

Table 1 Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of Patients with Plasminogen Deficiency Type 1 (N=19Age range of patients: 16 months to 42 years.
9 patients who received RYPLAZIM through single-patient expanded access were not included in the total population for the determination of adverse reaction frequency because their safety data were not as rigorously collected as patients in the clinical trials. Also not included is one patient from trial 1 who only received a single dose.
)
Adverse Reactions Number of Patients (%)(N = 19)
Abdominal pain 3 (16%)
Gastric dilatation (bloating/feel bloated) 3 (16%)
Nausea 3 (16%)
Fatigue 3 (16%)
Pain in extremity 3 (16%)
Hemorrhage 3 (16%)
Constipation 2 (11%)
Dry mouth 2 (11%)
Headache 2 (11%)
Dizziness 2 (11%)
Arthralgia 2 (11%)
Back pain 2 (11%)

6.2 Immunogenicity

In RYPLAZIM Trial 2, three patients (20%) developed anti-plasminogen antibodies following RYPLAZIM treatment. Comparison of pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and /or trough activity levels for those positive samples with the parameters assessed either at baseline or for negative samples suggest these antibodies are not neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) to plasminogen.

The detection of anti-plasminogen antibodies depends on the sensitivity and specificity of the test methods used. Additionally, the observed incidence of antibody positivity in a test method may be influenced by several factors, including sample handling, timing of sample collection, drug interference, concomitant medication, and the underlying disease. For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to RYPLAZIM with the incidence of antibodies to other products may be misleading.

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Risk Summary

There are no clinical trials of RYPLAZIM use in pregnant women. No animal reproductive and developmental toxicity studies have been conducted with RYPLAZIM to assess whether it can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. In the United States, the background risk of major birth defects is about 3%, and miscarriage occurs in up to 20% of clinically-recognized pregnancies.

8.2 Lactation

Risk Summary

Endogenous plasminogen is excreted in human milk; however, there is no information available on the presence of RYPLAZIM in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother's clinical need for RYPLAZIM and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from RYPLAZIM or from the underlying maternal condition.

8.4 Pediatric Use

The safety and efficacy of RYPLAZIM has been established in pediatric patients. Use of RYPLAZIM is supported by the two clinical trials, and expanded access and compassionate use programs that included 18 pediatric patients age 11 months to 17 years [see Clinical Studies (14), and Adverse Reactions (6)].

8.5 Geriatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of RYPLAZIM have not been established in geriatric patients. Clinical studies of RYPLAZIM for this indication did not include patients age 65 years and over. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

11 DESCRIPTION

RYPLAZIM is a Glu-plasminogen (> 95% purity) which is the native circulating form of plasminogen in the blood. RYPLAZIM is a sterile, white to off-white, lyophilized preparation of purified, plasma-derived plasminogen (human) to be reconstituted and administered by the intravenous route. Each vial of RYPLAZIM contains 68.8 mg of plasminogen. Following reconstitution with 12.5 mL of sterile water for injection (SWFI), the RYPLAZIM solution contains 5.5 mg/mL plasminogen and the following inactive ingredients: sodium citrate, sodium chloride, glycine, and sucrose. RYPLAZIM contains no preservatives. Biological potency of the plasminogen is determined by a chromogenic assay calibrated with a standard.

All plasma used in the manufacturing of RYPLAZIM is tested using serological assays for hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen and antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus-1/2 (HIV-1/2) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The plasma is also tested via nucleic acid amplification testing for HBV, HCV, HIV-1, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and human parvovirus B19 virus. Only plasma pools negative for HIV-1, HCV, HBV, and HAV, and containing levels of human parvovirus B19 DNA ≤ 104 IU/mL are used for the manufacture of RYPLAZIM.

The RYPLAZIM manufacturing process encompasses a series of chromatography adsorbents to purify plasminogen and includes multiple steps and controls to ensure that the purified plasminogen is essentially free of known adventitious agents. First, three orthogonal viral removal/inactivation steps are included: affinity chromatography for removal of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses; solvent/detergent treatment for inactivation of enveloped viruses; and 20 nm nanofiltration for removal of both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Two independent studies demonstrated effective viral removal/inactivation afforded by these three steps using validated scaled-down models. The overall virus reduction achieved in these studies for enveloped viruses was ≥ 11.8 logs and for non-enveloped viruses was ≥ 9.7 logs (considering both contributing steps), as summarized in Table 2. Second, the plasma used in this process is Human Source Plasma from FDA-approved collection centers; thus, there is minimal risk of contamination that could cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Lastly, the product is tested for microbial and endotoxin levels throughout the process.

Table 2: Viral Clearance Capacity of the Manufacturing Process
Enveloped Viruses Non EnvelopedViruses
Process Step HIV-1 BVDV PRV HAV PPV Reo-3 EMCV
Affinity chromatography ≥ 5.22 NDND: Not determined; ND
3.64 2.64 ND
3.55
Solvent/Detergent treatment > 6.09 > 5.77 > 6.54 NANA: Not Applicable; LRV: Log reduction value; BVDV = Bovine viral diarrhea virus; EMCV = Encephalomyocarditis virus; HAV = Hepatitis A virus; HIV-1 = Human immunodeficiency virus type 1; PPV = Porcine parvovirus; PRV = Pseudorabies virus; Reo-3 = Reovirus Type 3 NA
NA
NA
Nanofiltration > 5.89 > 6.02 > 6.51 > 7.08 > 7.03 > 7.08 ND
Total LRV ≥ 17.2 ≥ 11.8 ≥ 13.1 ≥ 10.7 ≥ 9.7 ≥ 7.1 3.6

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

Treatment with RYPLAZIM temporarily increases plasminogen levels in blood.

12.2 Pharmacodynamics

Plasminogen deficiency type 1 is characterized by decreased plasminogen levels that causes formation of fibrin-rich, ligneous pseudomembranous lesions on mucous membranes that can impair normal tissue and organ function. Replacement therapy increases the plasma level of plasminogen enabling a temporary correction of the plasminogen deficiency and reduction or resolution of extravascular fibrinous lesions.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of RYPLAZIM were assessed by plasminogen activity (chromogenic assay) in plasma. Plasminogen was measured as both absolute and baseline-adjustedlevels.

In RYPLAZIM Trial 2, pharmacokinetic analyses were conducted in 15 patients (9 adults) who completed at least 12 weeks of RYPLAZIM 6.6 mg/kg administered every second, third or fourth day and had sufficient plasma samples. Full pharmacokinetic profiles of plasminogen were measured over 96 hours after the first and Week 12 infusions, and trough levels of plasminogen were measured at baseline and at Weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12.

Mean absolute plasminogen activity in adult and pediatric patients reached physiological levels (70% to 130%) immediately after the first infusion, were sustained for approximately 24 hours, and remained an absolute 10% above baseline 72 hours after dosing. After 12 weeks, mean absolute plasminogen activity in adult and pediatric patients reached physiological levels (70% to 130%) immediately after dosing, were sustained for approximately 24 hours, and continued to maintain an absolute 10% above baseline 96 hours after dosing.

Although some inter-patient variability was observed, PK parameters for baseline-adjusted plasminogen activity levels were generally similar between adult and pediatric patients.

Table 3: Mean (± Standard Deviation) Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Baseline-Adjusted Baseline-adjusted plasminogen activity levels were calculated by subtracting the baseline (pre-infusion) value from each subsequent time-point. Note: plasminogen activity levels measured with a chromogenic assay. Plasminogen Activity Levels in Adult and Pediatric Patients After the First Dose and 12 Weeks RYPLAZIM
PK Parameter First Dose Adult (N=9) Week 12 Adult (N=9) First Dose Pediatric (N=6) Week 12 Pediatric (N=6) First Dose Total (N=15) Week 12 Total (N=15)
AUCLast = area under the time-concentration curve, from time 0 to the last measured time point; AUCInf = extrapolated area under the time-concentration curve, from time 0 to infinity; CL = clearance; Cmax = peak concentration; MRTLast = mean residence time from time 0 to the last measured time point; Vss = steady-state volume of distribution; T1/2 = half-life
AUCLast (hr*%) 2860.9 (700.7) 4665.6 (762.1) 3367.6 (852.8) 4641.6 (1393.4) 3063.6 (778.7) 4656.0 (1012.7)
AUCInf (hr*%) 3317.3 (915.7) 5676.0 (1186.6) 4038.5 (1104.2) 5815.5 (1863.5) 3605.8 (1023.9) 5731.8 (1431.7)
CL (mL/h/kg) 1.5 (0.5) 0.9 (0.2) 1.3 (0.4) 0.9 (0.3) 1.4 (0.5) 0.9 (0.3)
Cmax (%) 90.9 (17.5) 127.4 (17.4) 102.0 (31.1) 120.3 (31.6) 95.3 (23.5) 124.6 (23.3)
MRTLast (hr) 29.7 (3.7) 33.0 (1.6) 31.8 (2.0) 34.2 (1.5) 30.6 (3.2) 33.5 (1.6)
Vss (mL/kg) 62.8 (11.2) 47.2 (5.6) 64.1 (12.9) 52.5 (15.2) 63.3 (11.4) 49.3 (10.4)
T1/2 (hr) 32.4 (13.1) 38.5 (7.1) 36.3 (10.0) 40.3 (5.0) 34.0 (11.7) 39.2 (6.2)
Table 4 : Mean (± Standard Deviation) Plasminogen Activity Trough Levels in Adult and Pediatric Patients Through 12 Weeks of RYPLAZIM dosing.
Study Population Baseline Week 2 Week 4 Week 6 Week 8 Week 10 Week 12
Plasminogen activity levels measured with a chromogenic assay. Normal range: 70%-130%, as determined by the laboratory.
Individual plasminogen activity values reported as < 5% were set at 5% for mean calculation.
There was no Week 2 plasminogen activity trough value for one adult patient; however, an unscheduled Week 3 value was obtained and used for mean calculation. Baseline value corresponds to endogenous plasminogen level.
Adult
(N = 9)
20.3 (13.7) 44.7 (18.6) 50.8 (17.1) 55.4 (12.0) 50.3 (19.5) 51.1 (15.5) 51.7 (12.3)
Pediatric
(N = 6)
22.3 (5.1) 47.7 (7.4) 46.2 (10.5) 47.8 (9.8) 45.2 (14.8) 48.8 (6.4) 50.0 (12 6)
Combined
(N = 15)
21.1 (10.8) 45.9 (14.8) 48.9 (14.6) 52.4 (11.5) 48.3 (17.4) 50.2 (12.4) 51.0 (12.0)

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

No animal studies have been conducted to evaluate the effect of RYPLAZIM on carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, or impairment of fertility.

13.2 Animal Toxicology and/or Pharmacology

No toxicity was observed in healthy rats following intravenous administration of RYPLAZIM at dose levels of 1.2, 7.3, and 21.8 mg/kg/day for 5 consecutive days.

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

The efficacy of RYPLAZIM in pediatric and adult patients with plasminogen deficiency type 1 was evaluated in a single-arm, open-label clinical trial (RYPLAZIM Trial 2). A total of 15 patients with plasminogen deficiency type 1 were enrolled. All patients had a baseline plasminogen activity level between <5% and 45% of normal, and biallelic mutations in the plasminogen (PLG) gene. The age range of these patients was 4 to 42 years, including 6 pediatric patients age 4 to 16 years, and 9 adults. Eleven patients were female. All patients were White. All patients received RYPLAZIM at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg administered every 2 to 4 days for 48 weeks to achieve at least an increase of individual trough plasminogen activity by an absolute 10% above baseline and to treat the clinical manifestations of the disease.

Efficacy was established on the basis of overall rate of clinical success at 48 weeks. Overall rate of clinical success is defined as 50% of patients with visible or other measurable non-visible lesions achieving at least 50% improvement in lesion number/size, or functionality impact from baseline. Spirometry was the only test of organ function used and one patient had abnormal spirometry at baseline. This patient had a history of ligneous airway disease with a severe obstructive ventilatory defect (FEV1: 46.7% of predicted normal) at baseline prior to treatment that corrected to normal (FEV1: 89.3% of predicted normal) after 12 weeks of treatment. All patients with any lesion at baseline had at least 50% improvement in the number/size of their lesions.

External Lesions: Twenty-five of the 32 (78%) external lesions [with sites mainly located in the eyes (ligneous conjunctivitis), nose, gums (ligneous gingivitis), ligneous lesions of the hands and feet] were resolved by the end of Week 48. There were no recurrent or new external lesions in any patient through Week 48.

Internal Lesions: Nine of the 12 (75%) assessed internal lesions were resolved by Week 48. The lesion sites were mainly located in the cervix, bronchus, colon, vagina and uterus. No recurrent or new lesions were found on imaging in any patient through Week 48.

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

RYPLAZIM is supplied in a single-dose vial [NDC 70573-099-01] containing 68.8 mg of plasminogen (human) (5.5 mg/mL after reconstitution with 12.5 mL of SWFI), one vial per carton [NDC 70573-099-02]. The treating physician will provide reconstitution and administration supplies. RYPLAZIM contains no preservatives.

  • Store RYPLAZIM at temperatures of 2°C to 25°C (36°F to 77°F) in its original carton until ready to use. Do not freeze.
  • Once reconstituted, RYPLAZIM must be administered within 3 hours. Do not refrigerate after reconstitution.
  • Store diluent and syringe disc filters at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
  • Do not use RYPLAZIM or diluent after the expiration date on the carton and vial labels.

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

  • Advise patients and/or caregiver to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Patient Information and Instructions for Use).
  • Counsel patients and/or caregiver to discontinue RYPLAZIM and immediately contact their physicians if signs or symptoms of a possible hypersensitivity reaction occur, such as hives, generalized urticaria, angioedema, chest tightness, wheezing, tachycardia, and hypotension [see Contraindications (4)], Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
  • Inform patients that bleeding from active mucosal disease-related lesions and worsening of active bleeding not related to those lesions during RYPLAZIM therapy may occur. Depending on the lesion sites, this may manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding, hemoptysis, epistaxis, vaginal bleeding, or hematuria. Prior to initiation of treatment with RYPLAZIM, lesions or wounds suspected as the source of recent bleeding events should be confirmed to have healed. RYPLAZIM may prolong or worsen bleeding in patients with bleeding diatheses and/or taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. If a patient develops serious bleeding, seek emergency care and discontinue RYPLAZIM immediately [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].
  • Inform patients that tissue sloughing at mucosal sites may occur at initiation of RYPLAZIM therapy as lesions resolve. Patients with respiratory lesion are at risk for respiratory compromise and initial treatment with RYPLAZIM should be performed in a clinical setting with close monitoring. Patients with lesions in gastrointestinal and genitourinary systems may experience tissue sloughing that may cause pain, mucosal bleeding, or passage of tissue referable to those organ systems. Patients should report persistent abdominal, flank or pelvic pain to their physicians if not resolved. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
  • Inform patients and/or caregiver that RYPLAZIM is made from human plasma and may contain infectious agents that can cause disease (eg, viruses, the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease [vCJD] agent and, theoretically the CJD agent). Explain that the risk that RYPLAZIM may transmit an infectious agent has been reduced by screening the plasma donors, by testing donated plasma for certain virus infections, and by inactivating or removing certain viruses during manufacturing. Counsel patients and/or caregiver to report any symptoms that concern them. [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
  • Advise patients and/or caregivers that antibodies may develop during treatment that make RYPLAZIM less effective [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].
  • Advise female patients who are pregnant or may become pregnant that the potential effects of RYPLAZIM on pregnancy and breastfeeding are unknown. They should notify their physicians if they become or intend to become pregnant, or if they plan to breastfeed. [see Use in Special Populations (8.1) and (8.2)].
  • Self-administration: ensure patient/caregiver has received detailed instructions and training and has shown the ability to safely and independently administer RYPLAZIM.

Manufactured by:
Prometic Bioproduction, Inc
531 Blvd. des Prairies, Building 15
Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V1B7

Manufactured for:
Kedrion Biopharma, Inc.
Parker Plaza, 400 Kelby Street, 11th floor,
Fort Lee, NJ, 07024
United States
U.S. License number 1906

PATIENT INFORMATION

RYPLAZIM®
plasminogen, human-tvmh

The following summarizes important information that you should read carefully before using RYPLAZIM (pronounced ri plaz' im). This does not replace talking with your healthcare provider, and it does not include all of the important information about RYPLAZIM. If you have any questions after reading this information, then ask your healthcare provider.

What is RYPLAZIM?

RYPLAZIM is a medicine containing human plasminogen and is used to increase the blood levels of plasminogen in people with plasminogen deficiency type 1 (hypoplasminogenemia). It is injected into a vein.

Who should not use RYPLAZIM?

Do not take RYPLAZIM if you have had a severe reaction to RYPLAZIM or another product containing plasminogen.

What should I tell my healthcare provider before using RYPLAZIM?

Before taking RYPLAZIM, tell your healthcare provider if you:

  • Have had other medical problems, particularly bleeding problems.
  • Use any medicine, including prescription and over-the-counter drugs, supplements, and herbal remedies.
  • Have had reactions to any medications.
  • Are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. It is not known whether RYPLAZIM may affect your pregnancy or an unborn baby.
  • Are breastfeeding or are planning to breastfeed. It is not known whether RYPLAZIM affects milk production, passes into breast milk and may affect a baby.

How do I take RYPLAZIM?

  • RYPLAZIM is given directly into the bloodstream.
  • You may receive RYPLAZIM at a healthcare facility, or you may receive it at home from a nurse, caregiver or by injecting it yourself. If your healthcare provider believes you would be able to inject RYPLAZIM yourself or with the help of others at home, then you will receive detailed instructions and training on preparation and infusion (see Instructions for Use at the end of this document).
  • Your healthcare provider will tell you how often to take RYPLAZIM and how much RYPLAZIM to use each time.
  • Your healthcare provider may order periodic blood tests to check your plasminogen level.

What are the possible or reasonably likely side effects of RYPLAZIM?

  • Common side effects of RYPLAZIM are:
    • abdominal pain
    • bloating
    • nausea
    • fatigue
    • extremity pain
    • hemorrhage
    • constipation
    • dry mouth
    • headache
    • dizziness
    • joint pain
    • back pain
  • You may have an allergic reaction while taking RYPLAZIM. Stop treatment and contact your healthcare provider immediately if you develop trouble breathing, wheezing, chest tightness, light headedness, dizziness, swelling in the face or throat, itching, a rash, or hives.
  • Your body may make antibodies against RYPLAZIM that may stop RYPLAZIM from working properly. Your healthcare provider will monitor you periodically for lesions which may be due to a low plasminogen level. If you develop new lesions or a recurrence of a previous lesion, then your healthcare provider will obtain blood to test for plasminogen activity level.
  • RYPLAZIM may worsen or prolong ongoing bleeding. In addition, if you have abnormal tissue growths because of your low plasminogen level, then you may have bleeding as these growths heal in response to treatment with RYPLAZIM.
    • If you vomit blood, have blood from your rectum or black tarry stools or any bleeding that is heavy or does not resolve after 30 minutes of direct pressure seek emergency care and discontinue further use of RYPLAZIM.
  • As your lesions heal then they will fall off, known as tissue sloughing, this is in response to treatment with RYPLAZIM. This is also normal response and is not a side effect. Specific examples:
    • If you have tissue growths in your airway or lungs you may cough up small amounts of tissue and you may cough up a small amount of blood or blood clots.
    • If you have tissue growths in your genitourinary system then you may pass tissue or blood clots in your urine or from your penis or vagina.
    • If you have tissue growths in your gastrointestinal system you may have some tissue or blood clots in your stool or you may vomit blood or blood clots.
    • If you have eye lesions you may have oozing of blood from the lesions in your eye.
    • Notify your healthcare provider if you develop breathing difficulty, wheezing, cough, changes in speech, or pain in the back, abdomen, groin, or pelvic area, because these could be symptoms of tissue from resolving lesions that are obstructing the lungs, the kidneys, the bladder, the uterus and/or vagina, or the intestines.
  • Other side effects are possible. Speak with your healthcare provider about any side effects that do not go away or bother you.

You may report side effects to Kedrion Biopharma, Inc. at 1 855-353-7466 or to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

How do I store RYPLAZIM?

  • Store RYPLAZIM vials in the refrigerator or at room temperature (36°F to 77°F, [2°C to 25°C]). Do not freeze.
  • Store the other supplies at room temperature (68°F to 77°F [20°C to 25°C]).
  • After the RYPLAZIM vials are opened and mixed with Sterile Water for Injection (SWFI), they must be used within 3 hours.
  • Keep the RYPLAZIM vials in the original package before using.
  • Do not use RYPLAZIM or SWFI after the expiration date on the vials.

Do not use RYPLAZIM for a condition other than that prescribed by your healthcare provider.

Do not share RYPLAZIM with other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have.

RYPLAZIM® plasminogen, human-tvmh
Instructions for Use

For intravenous use after reconstitution only

Do not attempt an intravenous infusion on yourself unless you or your caregiver has been trained by a healthcare provider. Always follow the specific instructions that your healthcare provider has given you. The steps listed below are general guidelines for using RYPLAZIM. If you are unsure about any of the steps, contact your healthcare provider before using.

  • A. Gathering Supplies
    • Your healthcare provider should tell you how many vials of RYPLAZIM to use based on your weight. If you store RYPLAZIM in the refrigerator, then let the vials sit at room temperature for at least 15 minutes before you use them.
    • Check the expiration date on the vial labels and carton. Do not use RYPLAZIM or Sterile Water for Injection, USP vials after the expiration date.
    • Make sure you work on a clean, flat surface.
    • Gather the following supplies and any other materials that you will need, as instructed by your healthcare provider:
      • Required number of vials of RYPLAZIM
      • One 20-mL syringe per vial of RYPLAZIM for mixing the drug
      • 18- to 22-gauge needles for reconstitution and administration
      • Sterile Water for Injection, USP (SWFI) (10 mL, 20 mL or 50 mL)
      • One syringe disc filter per infusion of RYPLAZIM required (Baxter Supor® 5-micron Syringe Filter or equivalent)
      • One (or more) administration syringe(s) (20mL, 30mL or 60 mL)
      • Alcohol wipes
      • Antiseptic surface wipes
      • Medical tape
      • Butterfly needle or sterile infusion set
      • 10 mL normal saline
      • Sterile gauze pad
      • Bandage
  • B. Preparing RYPLAZIM
    • Always work on a clean surface and wash your hands before performing the procedure.
    • Once the RYPLAZIM has been prepared, use it at room temperature within 3 hours. Do not refrigerate after preparation.
    • Remove the caps from the RYPLAZIM vials and the Sterile Water for Injection, USP (SWFI) vials to expose the central portion of the rubber stoppers.
    • Clean the surface of the rubber stoppers with alcohol wipes and allow to dry. Do not blow on them. Do not touch the rubber stoppers with your hand after cleaning them.
    • Using a syringe with an 18- to 22-gauge needle, draw 12.5 mL of SWFI. Ensure that all air bubbles have been removed.
      Note: Depending on the SWFI vial sizes used, more than one SWFI vial(s) may be required.
      • If using a 10-mL vial of SWFI, you will need two 10-mL vials of SWFI for each vial of RYPLAZIM. Draw 9.0 mL of SWFI from the first SWFI vial with the 20-mL syringe. Discard the first needle, attach a new 18- to 22-gauge sterile needle and draw 3.5 mL from the second 10-mL vial of SWFI to equal to 12.5 mL.
      • Repeat the above process for every vial of RYPLAZIM that will need to be reconstituted.
      • If using a 20-mL or 50-mL vial of SWFI, only one vial of SWFI per vial of RYPLAZIM will be needed for reconstitution.
      • Do not use the remaining SWFI in the vial with a different RYPLAZIM vial.
    • Gently and slowly add the 12.5 mL of SWFI down the side of the RYPLAZIM vial to prevent foaming. This should resemble a stream down the side of the vial. (Fig. A). Discard used syringe and needle(s).
      Fig. A   
      Fig. A
    • Gently swirl the RYPLAZIM vial in slow rotation to ensure it is fully dissolved. Do not shake the vial. The RYPLAZIM should fully dissolve within 10 minutes. Discard if the product is not fully dissolved after 10 minutes. (Fig B)
      Fig. B         
      Fig. B
    • After the RYPLAZIM is dissolved in the SWFI, inspect the solution. It should be colorless and clear to slightly pearly. Discard if discoloration or particulate matter is observed.
    • Repeat Preparation Steps 3 to 8 above for each vial of RYPLAZIM needed.
    • Select an administration syringe of appropriate volume based on the dose required. Depending on the syringe size used, more than one vial of mixed RYPLAZIM can be drawn into one administration syringe.
      NOTE: A 30-mL syringe cannot hold more than 2 vials of reconstituted RYPLAZIM and a 60-mL syringe cannot hold more than 4 vials of reconstituted RYPLAZIM.
    • Using the selected administration syringe(s) with an 18- to 22-gauge needle, slowly draw the RYPLAZIM from each reconstituted vial to administer the required dose of RYPLAZIM. Do not mix RYPLAZIM with other medications.
    • After drawing the RYPLAZIM from the last vial, push the plunger down to remove any air bubbles. Dispose of the needle in an appropriate container.

Infusing RYPLAZIM

  • One filter is needed per infusion.
  • Only administer RYPLAZIM by infusing it into a vein through a syringe disc filter.
  • Inspect the solution in the syringe. Do not use if you see discoloration or particulate matter.
  • Administer RYPLAZIM by a separate infusion line. Do not administer RYPLAZIM with other medications.
  • Draw 10 mL of normal saline into a different syringe. Push the plunger down to remove any air bubbles.
  • Attach a syringe disc filter to the pre-filled syringe of normal saline (from previous step) and the infusion tubing with butterfly needle. (Fig. C)
    Fig. C   
    Fig. C
  • Inject the normal saline through the syringe disc filter and butterfly needle tubing to remove any air bubbles.
  • Remove the normal saline syringe. The syringe disc filter must remain attached to the tubing, as it is required for administration of the RYPLAZIM. Discard the normal saline syringe.
  • Attach the administration syringe containing RYPLAZIM to the syringe disc filter that is connected to the butterfly needle tubing.
  • Choose a peripheral vein (e.g., antecubital or dorsum of hand). Clean the injection site with a sterile alcohol wipe and allow to dry. Do not blow on it.
  • Insert the butterfly infusion set needle in the chosen peripheral vein, as taught by your healthcare provider, and tape in place.
  • Infuse the amount of RYPLAZIM you need as instructed by your healthcare provider. Deliver the total dose slowly over 10-30 minutes (approximately 5 mL/min). Using a timer (e.g., watch or clock), push the plunger of the syringe approximately 1 mL every 12 seconds. (Fig. D)
    Fig. D   
    Fig. D
  • Discard any open vials, unused solution, and administration equipment following administration.

Manufactured by:
Prometic Bioproduction Inc
531 Blvd. des Prairies,
Laval, Quebec, Canada, H7V1B7

Manufactured for:
Kedrion Biopharma, Inc.
Parker Plaza, 400 Kelby Street, 11th floor,
Fort Lee, NJ, 07024
United States
U.S. License number 1906

Fig. A
Fig. B
Fig. C
Fig. D

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 68.8 mg Vial Label

NDC 70573-099-01

68.8 mg/vial

plasminogen, human-tvmh
Ryplazim®

For Intravenous Use Only

Sterile, Preservative-Free

Single-Dose Vial

Discard Unused Portion

US LIC. NO.: 1906
Rx Only

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 68.8 mg Vial Label
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 68.8 mg Vial Label

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 68.8 mg Vial Carton

68.8 mg/vial

plasminogen, human-tvmh
Ryplazim®

For Intravenous Use Only

Sterile, Preservative-Free

Single-Dose Vial

Discard Unused Portion

US LIC NO.: 1906
Rx Only

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 68.8 mg Vial Carton
PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 68.8 mg Vial Carton