Administer Oxaliplatin for Injection in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin every 2 weeks.

• For adjuvant treatment, continue treatment for up to 12 cycles or unacceptable toxicity.
• For advanced colorectal cancer, continue treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

Day 1

Administer Oxaliplatin for Injection 85 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 120 minutes and leucovorin 200 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 120 minutes at the same time in separate bags, followed by fluorouracil 400 mg/m² as intravenous bolus over 2 to 4 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 600 mg/m² as a 22-hour continuous infusion.

Day 2

Administer leucovorin 200 mg/m² as an intravenous infusion over 120 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 400 mg/m² as intravenous bolus over 2 to 4 minutes, followed by fluorouracil 600 mg/m² as a 22-hour continuous infusion.

Refer to the prescribing information for fluorouracil and leucovorin for additional information.

Prolongation of infusion time for Oxaliplatin for Injection from 2 hours to 6 hours may mitigate acute toxicities, such as non-life threatening infusion-related reactions.

Permanently discontinue Oxaliplatin for Injection for any of the following:

• Hypersensitivity Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)]
• Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]
• Confirmed interstitial lung disease or pulmonary fibrosis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)] Rhabdomyolysis [see Warnings and Precautions (5.8)]

Refer to the fluorouracil and leucovorin prescribing information for dosage modifications for adverse reactions.

Dosage Modifications for Adjuvant Treatment

Dosage modifications for adverse reactions for adjuvant treatment are presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Dosage Modifications for Adjuvant Treatment in Patients with Stage III Colon Cancer

Adverse Reactions	Severity	Oxaliplatin for Injection Dosage
		Modifications
Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy	Persistent Grade 2	Consider reducing Oxaliplatin for
[see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]		Injection dose to 75 mg/m2.
	Persistent Grade 3	Consider discontinuing Oxaliplatin for
		Injection.
	Grade 4	Discontinue Oxaliplatin for Injection.
	Grade 4 neutropenia or	Delay the next dose until neutrophils
	febrile neutropenia	greater than or equal to 1.5 × 109/L and
		platelets greater than or equal to
Myelosuppression		75 × 109/L.
[see Warnings and Precautions (5.3),	Grade 3 to 4
Adverse Reactions (6.1)]	thrombocytopenia
		Reduce Oxaliplatin for Injection dose to 75
		mg/m2.
		After recovery, reduce Oxaliplatin for
Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions		Injection dose to 75 mg/m2 along with a
[see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]	Grade 3 to 4	dose reduction of fluorouracil to 300
		mg/m2 as an intravenous bolus and 500
		mg/m2 as a 22-hour continuous infusion.

Dosage Modifications for Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Dosage modifications for adverse reactions for advanced colorectal cancer are presented in Table 2.

Table 2: Dosage Modifications for Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Adverse Reactions	Severity	Oxaliplatin for Injection Dosage
		Modifications
	Persistent Grade 2	Consider reducing Oxaliplatin for
Neuropathy		Injection dose to 65 mg/m2.
[see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]	Persistent Grade 3	Consider discontinuing Oxaliplatin for
		Injection.
	Grade 4	Discontinue Oxaliplatin for Injection.
	Grade 4 neutropenia	Delay the next dose until neutrophils
	or febrile neutropenia	greater than or equal to 1.5 × 109/L and
Myelosuppression		platelets greater than or equal to
[see Warnings and Precautions (5.3),	Grade 3 to 4	75 × 109/L.
Adverse Reactions (6.1)]	thrombocytopenia
		Reduce Oxaliplatin for Injection dose to 65
		mg/m2.
		After recovery, reduce Oxaliplatin for
		Injection dose to 65 mg/m2 along with a
Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions	Grade 3 to 4	dose reduction of fluorouracil to
[see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]		300 mg/m2 as an intravenous bolus and
		500 mg/m2 as a 22-hour continuous
		infusion.

In patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance [CLcr] less than 30 mL/min, calculated by the Cockcroft-Gault equation), reduce the Oxaliplatin for Injection dose to 65 mg/m²  [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Powder for solution for infusion

Reconstitution or final dilution must never be performed with a sodium chloride solution or other chloride containing solutions.

The lyophilized powder is reconstituted by adding 10 mL (for the 50 mg vial) or 20 mL (for the 100 mg vial) of Water for Injection, USP or 5% Dextrose Injection, USP. Do not administer the reconstituted solution without further dilution. The reconstituted solution must be further diluted in an infusion solution of 250 to 500 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP. After reconstitution in the original vial, the solution may be stored up to 24 hours under refrigeration [2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F)]. After final dilution with 250 to 500 mL of 5% Dextrose Injection, USP, the shelf life is 6 hours at room temperature [20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F)] or up to 24 hours under refrigeration [2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F)].

• Oxaliplatin for Injection is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.¹
• Visually inspect for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration and discard if present.
• Do not mix Oxaliplatin for Injection or administer Oxaliplatin for Injection through the same infusion line concurrently with alkaline medications or media (such as basic solutions of fluorouracil).
• Flush the infusion line with 5% Dextrose Injection, USP prior to administration of any concomitant medication.
• Do not use needles or intravenous administration sets containing aluminum parts for the preparation or mixing of Oxaliplatin for Injection. Aluminum has been reported to cause degradation of platinum compounds.
• Administer Oxaliplatin for Injection as an intravenous infusion over 120 minutes concurrently with leucovorin over 120 minutes in separate bags.

Serious and fatal hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, can occur with Oxaliplatin for Injection within minutes of administration and during any cycle. Grade 3 to 4 hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, occurred in 2% to 3% of patients with colon cancer who received Oxaliplatin for Injection. Hypersensitivity reactions, including rash, urticaria, erythema, pruritus, and, rarely, bronchospasm and hypotension, were similar in nature and severity to those reported with other platinum-based drugs.

Oxaliplatin for Injection is contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity reactions to platinum-based drugs [see Contraindications (4)]. Immediately and permanently discontinue Oxaliplatin for Injection for hypersensitivity reactions and administer appropriate treatment for management of hypersensitivity reactions.

Oxaliplatin for Injection can cause acute and delayed neuropathy. Reduce the dose or permanently discontinue Oxaliplatin for Injection for persistent neurosensory reactions based on the severity of the adverse reaction [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

Acute Neuropathy

Acute neuropathy typically presents as a reversible, primarily peripheral sensory neuropathy that occurs within hours or 2 days following a dose, resolves within 14 days, and frequently recurs with further dosing. The symptoms can be precipitated or exacerbated by exposure to cold temperature or cold objects and they usually present as transient paresthesia, dysesthesia and hypoesthesia in the hands, feet, perioral area, or throat. Jaw spasm, abnormal tongue sensation, dysarthria, eye pain, and a feeling of chest pressure have also been observed. The acute, reversible pattern of sensory neuropathy was observed in about 56% of patients who received Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin. In any individual cycle, acute neuropathy occurred in approximately 30% of patients. For grade 3 peripheral sensory neuropathy, the median time to onset was 9 cycles for adjuvant treatment and 6 cycles for previously treated advanced colorectal cancer.

An acute syndrome of pharyngolaryngeal dysesthesia occurred in 1% to 2% (grade 3 to 4) of patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer. Subjective sensations of dysphagia or dyspnea, without any laryngospasm or bronchospasm (no stridor or wheezing) occurred in patients previously treated for advanced colorectal cancer.

Avoid topical application of ice for mucositis prophylaxis or other conditions, because cold temperature can exacerbate acute neurological symptoms.

Delayed Neuropathy

Delayed neuropathy typically presents as a persistent (greater than 14 days), primarily peripheral sensory neuropathy that is usually characterized by paresthesias, dysesthesias, and hypoesthesias, but may also include deficits in proprioception that can interfere with daily activities (e.g., writing, buttoning, swallowing, and difficulty walking from impaired proprioception). These forms of neuropathy occurred in 48% of patients receiving Oxaliplatin for Injection. Delayed neuropathy can occur without any prior acute neuropathy. Most patients (80%) who developed grade 3 persistent neuropathy progressed from prior grade 1 or 2 reactions. These symptoms may improve in some patients upon discontinuation of Oxaliplatin for Injection.

Adjuvant Treatment

In the adjuvant treatment trial, neuropathy was graded using NCI CTC, version 1 as summarized in Table 3.

Table 3: Grading for Neuropathy in Adjuvant Treatment Trial

Grade	Definition
0	No change or none
1	Mild paresthesias, loss of deep tendon reflexes
2	Mild or moderate objective sensory loss, moderate paresthesias
3	Severe objective sensory loss or paresthesias that interfere with function
4	Not applicable

Peripheral sensory neuropathy occurred in 92% of patients (all grades), including 13% of patients (grade 3) who received Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin. At the 28-day follow-up after the last treatment cycle, 60% of patients had any grade (grade 1=40%, grade 2=16%, grade 3=5%) peripheral sensory neuropathy, decreasing to 39% at 6 months of follow-up (grade 1=31%, grade 2=7%, grade 3=1%) and 21% at 18 months of follow-up (grade 1=17%, grade 2=3%, grade 3=1%).

Advanced Colorectal Cancer

In the advanced colorectal cancer trials, neuropathy was graded using the neurotoxicity scale summarized in Table 4.

Table 4: Grading for Neuropathy in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Trials

Grade	Definition
1	Resolved and did not interfere with functioning
2	Interfered with function but not daily activities
3	Pain or functional impairment that interfered with daily activities
4	Persistent impairment that is disabling or life-threatening

Neuropathy occurred in 82% (all grades) of patients previously untreated for advanced colorectal cancer, including 19% grade 3 to 4; and in 74% (all grades) of patients previously treated for advanced colorectal cancer, including 7% grade 3 to 4.

Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia occurred in 41% to 44% of patients with colorectal cancer who received Oxaliplatin for Injection with flurouracil/leucovorin. Sepsis, neutropenic sepsis and septic shock, including fatal outcomes, occurred in patients who received Oxaliplatin for Injection [see Adverse Reactions (6.1, 6.2)].

Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 2% to 5% of patients with colorectal cancer who received Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin.

Monitor complete blood cell count at baseline, before each subsequent cycle and as clinically indicated. Delay Oxaliplatin for Injection until neutrophils are greater than or equal to 1.5 × 10⁹/L and platelets are greater than or equal to 75 × 10⁹/L. Withhold Oxaliplatin for Injection for sepsis or septic shock. Dose reduce Oxaliplatin for Injection after recovery from grade 4 neutropenia, febrile neutropenia or grade 3 to 4 thrombocytopenia as recommended [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

PRES occurred in less than 0.1% of patients across clinical trials [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. Signs and symptoms of PRES can include headache, altered mental functioning, seizures, abnormal vision from blurriness to blindness, associated or not with hypertension. Confirm the diagnosis of PRES with magnetic resonance imaging. Permanently discontinue Oxaliplatin for Injection in patients who develop PRES.

Oxaliplatin for Injection has been associated with pulmonary fibrosis (less than 1% of patients), which may be fatal [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

In the adjuvant treatment trial, the combined incidence of cough and dyspnea was 7.4% (any grade), including less than 1% (grade 3) in the Oxaliplatin for Injection arm. One patient died from eosinophilic pneumonia in the Oxaliplatin for Injection arm.

In the previously untreated advanced colorectal cancer trial, the combined incidence of cough, dyspnea and hypoxia was 43% (any grade), including 7% (grade 3 to 4) in the Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin arm.

In case of unexplained respiratory symptoms, such as non-productive cough, dyspnea, crackles, or radiological pulmonary infiltrates, withhold Oxaliplatin for Injection until further pulmonary investigation excludes interstitial lung disease or pulmonary fibrosis. Permanently discontinue Oxaliplatin for Injection for confirmed interstitial lung disease or pulmonary fibrosis.

In the adjuvant treatment trial, increased transaminases (57% vs 34%) and alkaline phosphatase (42% vs 20%) occurred more commonly in the Oxaliplatin for Injection arm than in the fluorouracil/leucovorin arm [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)]. The incidence of increased bilirubin was similar on both arms. Changes noted on liver biopsies include: peliosis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia or sinusoidal alterations, perisinusoidal fibrosis, and veno-occlusive lesions. Consider evaluating patients who develop abnormal liver tests or portal hypertension which cannot be explained by liver metastases, for hepatic vascular disorders. Monitor liver function tests at baseline, before each subsequent cycle and as clinically indicated.

QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias, including fatal torsade de pointes, have been reported with Oxaliplatin for Injection [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].

Avoid Oxaliplatin for Injection in patients with congenital long QT syndrome. Monitor electrocardiograms (ECG) in patients with congestive heart failure, bradyarrhythmias, and electrolyte abnormalities and in patients taking drugs known to prolong the QT interval, including Class Ia and III antiarrhythmics [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. Monitor and correct electrolyte abnormalities prior to initiating Oxaliplatin for Injection and periodically during treatment. 

Rhabdomyolysis, including fatal cases, has been reported with Oxaliplatin for Injection [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Permanently discontinue Oxaliplatin for Injection for any signs or symptoms of rhabdomyolysis.

The incidence of hemorrhage in clinical trials was higher on the Oxaliplatin for Injection combination arm compared to the fluorouracil/leucovorin arm. These reactions included gastrointestinal bleeding, hematuria, and epistaxis. In the adjuvant treatment trial, 2 patients died from intracerebral hemorrhage [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].

Prolonged prothrombin time and INR occasionally associated with hemorrhage have been reported in patients who received Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin while on anticoagulants [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Increase frequency of monitoring in patients who are receiving Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin and oral anticoagulants [see Drug Interactions (7.3)].

Thrombocytopenia and immune-mediated thrombocytopenia have been observed with Oxaliplatin for Injection. Rapid onset of thrombocytopenia and greater risk of bleeding have been observed in immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. In this case, consider discontinuing Oxaliplatin for Injection.

Based on findings from animal studies and its mechanism of action, Oxaliplatin for Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. The available human data do not establish the presence or absence of major birth defects or miscarriage related to the use of Oxaliplatin for Injection. Reproductive toxicity studies demonstrated adverse effects on embryo-fetal development in rats at maternal doses that were below the recommended human dose based on body surface area. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Oxaliplatin for Injection and for at least 9 months after the final dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with Oxaliplatin for Injection and for 6 months after the final dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1, 8.3)].

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

More than 1100 patients with stage II or III colon cancer and more than 4,000 patients with advanced colorectal cancer were treated in trials with Oxaliplatin for Injection. The most common adverse reactions in patients with stage II or III colon cancer receiving adjuvant treatment were peripheral sensory neuropathy, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, nausea, increase in transaminases and alkaline phosphatase, diarrhea, emesis, fatigue and stomatitis. The most common adverse reactions in previously untreated and treated patients with advanced colorectal cancer were peripheral sensory neuropathies, fatigue, neutropenia, nausea, emesis, and diarrhea.

Adjuvant Treatment

The safety of Oxaliplatin for Injection in combination with fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) was evaluated in patients with stage II or III colon cancer, who had undergone complete resection of the primary tumor in the adjuvant treatment trial [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].

Fatal adverse reactions in patients who received Oxaliplatin for Injection in the combination arm included sepsis/neutropenic sepsis (n=3), intracerebral hemorrhage (n=2) and eosinophilic pneumonia (n=1).

Thromboembolic events occurred in 6% (grade 3 to 4, 1.2%) of patients in the Oxaliplatin for Injection arm.

Grade 3 or 4 adverse reactions occurred in 70% of patients in the Oxaliplatin for Injection arm. 

Grade 3 to 4 gastrointestinal bleeding occurred in 0.2% of patients. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 0.7% and documented infection with concomitant grade 3 to 4 neutropenia occurred in 1.1%.

Discontinuation due to an adverse reaction occurred in 15% of the patients in the Oxaliplatin for Injection arm.

Tables 5, 6, and 7 summarize the adverse reactions reported in patients with colon cancer receiving adjuvant treatment.

Table 5: Adverse Reactions Reported in Patients with Colon Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Treatment (greater than or equal to 5% of all patients and with greater than or equal to 1% grade 3 to 4)

Adverse Reaction*	Oxaliplatin + FU/LV		FU/LV
* Event coded in WHO-ART dictionary
† Includes thrombosis related to the catheter
	N=1108		N=1111
	All Grades	Grade 3 to 4	All Grades	Grade 3 to 4
	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)
Neurology
Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy	92	12	16	<1
Gastrointestinal
Nausea	74	5	61	2
Diarrhea	56	11	48	7
Vomiting	47	6	24	1
Stomatitis	42	3	40	2
Anorexia	13	1	8	<1
Constitutional Symptoms/Pain
Fatigue	44	4	38	1
Abdominal Pain	18	1	17	2
Dermatology/Skin
Skin Disorder	32	2	36	2
Injection Site Reaction†	11	3	10	3
Fever/Infection
Fever	27	1	12	1
Infection	25	4	25	3
Allergy/Immunology
Allergic Reaction	10	3	2	<1

Table 6: Adverse Reactions Reported in Patients with Colon Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Treatment (greater than or equal to 5% of all patients but with less than 1% grade 3 to 4)

		Oxaliplatin + FU/LV		FU/LV
		N=1108		N=1111
Adverse Reaction*		All Grades (%)		All Grades (%)
Dermatology/Skin
Alopecia†		30		28
Gastrointestinal
Constipation		22		19
Taste Perversion		12		8
Dyspepsia		8		5
Constitutional Symptoms/Pain/Ocular/Visual
Epistaxis		16		12
Weight Increase		10		10
Conjunctivitis		9		15
Headache		7		5
Dyspnea		5		3
Pain		5		5
Abnormal Lacrimation		4		12
Neurology
Sensory Disturbance		8		1
Allergy/Immunology
Rhinitis		6		8
* Event coded in WHO-ART dictionary
† No complete alopecia was reported.

In females, the following grade 3 to 4 adverse reactions were more frequent: diarrhea, fatigue, neutropenia, nausea, and vomiting.

In patients greater than or equal to 65 years old, the incidence of grade 3 to 4 diarrhea and neutropenia was higher than in younger adults.

Clinically relevant adverse reactions were reported in greater than or equal to 2% and less than 5% of the patients in the Oxaliplatin for Injection arm (listed in decreasing order of frequency) were pain, leukopenia, weight loss, and cough.

Table 7: Laboratory-Related Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥5% of Patients with Colon Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Treatment

Laboratory-Related Adverse Reaction	Oxaliplatin with FU/LV			FU/LV
	N=1108			N=1111
	All Grades		Grades 3 to 4	All Grades	Grades 3 to 4
	(%)		(%)	(%)	(%)
Hematology
Neutropenia	79		41	40	5
Thrombocytopenia	77		2	19	<1
Anemia	76		1	67	<1
Hepatic
Increased
Transaminases	57		2	34	1
Increased Alkaline
Phosphatase	42		<1	20	<1
Hyperbilirubinemia	20		4	20	5

Previously Untreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer

The safety of Oxaliplatin for Injection in combination with fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) was evaluated in a randomized trial of patients with previously untreated advanced colorectal cancer [see Clinical Studies (14.2)]. The adverse reaction profile in this trial was similar to that seen in other trials.

Tables 8, 9, and 10 summarize the adverse reactions reported in the previously untreated advanced colorectal cancer trial.

Table 8: Adverse Reactions Reported in Patients in the Previously Untreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer Clinical Trial (greater than or equal to 5% of all patients and with greater than or equal to 1% grade 3 to 4)

	Oxaliplatin +		Irinotecan +		Oxaliplatin +
	FU/LV		FU/LV		Irinotecan
Adverse Reaction*	N=259		N=256		N=258
	All	Grade	All	Grade	All	Grade
	Grades	3 to 4	Grades	3 to 4	Grades	3 to 4
	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)
Neurology
Neuropathy	82	19	18	2	69	7
Paresthesias	77	18	16	2	62	6
Pharyngo-laryngeal
Dysesthesias	38	2	1	0	28	1
Neuro-sensory	12	1	2	0	9	1
Neuro NOS†	1	0	1	0	1	0
Gastrointestinal
Nausea	71	6	67	15	83	19
Diarrhea	56	12	65	29	76	25
Vomiting	41	4	43	13	64	23
Stomatitis	38	0	25	1	19	1
Anorexia	35	2	25	4	27	5
Constipation	32	4	27	2	21	2
Diarrhea-colostomy	13	2	16	7	16	3
Gastrointestinal NOS†	5	2	4	2	3	2
Constitutional Symptoms/Pain/Ocular/Visual
Fatigue	70	7	58	11	66	16
Abdominal Pain	29	8	31	7	39	10
Myalgia	14	2	6	0	9	2
Pain	7	1	5	1	6	1
Abnormal Vision	5	0	2	1	6	1
Neuralgia	5	0	0	0	2	1
Pulmonary
Cough	35	1	25	2	17	1
Dyspnea	18	7	14	3	11	2
Hiccups	5	1	2	0	3	2
Hepatic/Metabolic/Laboratory/Renal
Hyperglycemia	14	2	11	3	12	3
Hypokalemia	11	3	7	4	6	2
Dehydration	9	5	16	11	14	7
Hypoalbuminemia	8	0	5	2	9	1
Hyponatremia	8	2	7	4	4	1
Urinary Frequency	5	1	2	1	3	1
Hematology/Infection
Infection Normal ANC‡	10	4	5	1	7	2
Infection Low ANC‡	8	8	12	11	9	8
Lymphopenia	6	2	4	1	5	2
Febrile Neutropenia	4	4	15	14	12	11
Dermatology/Skin
Hand/Foot Syndrome	7	1	2	1	1	0
Injection Site Reaction	6	0	1	0	4	1
Cardiovascular
Thrombosis	6	5	6	6	3	3
Hypotension	5	3	6	3	4	3
* Event coded in WHO-ART dictionary
†  Not otherwise specified
‡ Absolute neutrophil count

Table 9: Adverse Reactions Reported in Patients in the Previously Untreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer Clinical Trial (greater than or equal to 5% of all patients but with less than 1% grade 3 to 4)

	Oxaliplatin +	Irinotecan +	Oxaliplatin +
	5-FU/LV	5-FU/LV	Irinotecan
	N=259	N=256	N=258
Adverse Reaction*	All Grades	All Grades	All Grades
	(%)	(%)	(%)
Dermatology/Skin
Alopecia†	38	44	67
Flushing	7	2	5
Pruritus	6	4	2
Dry Skin	6	2	5
Hematology/Infection
Fever Normal ANC‡	16	9	9
Cardiovascular
Edema	15	13	10
Gastrointestinal
Taste Perversion	14	6	8
Dyspepsia	12	7	5
Flatulence	9	6	5
Mouth Dryness	5	2	3
Constitutional Symptoms/Pain/Ocular/Visual
Headache	13	6	9
Weight Loss	11	9	11
Epistaxis	10	2	2
Tearing	9	1	2
Rigors	8	2	7
Dysphasia	5	3	3
Sweating	5	6	12
Arthralgia	5	5	8
Neurology
Insomnia	13	9	11
Depression	9	5	7
Dizziness	8	6	10
Anxiety	5	2	6
Allergy/Immunology
Rash	11	4	7
Rhinitis Allergic	10	6	6
Hepatic/Metabolic/Laboratory/Renal
Hypocalcemia	7	5	4
Elevated Creatinine	4	4	5
* Event coded in WHO-ART dictionary
† No complete alopecia was reported.
‡ Absolute neutrophil count

Clinically relevant adverse reactions that occurred in greater than or equal to 2% and less than 5% of the patients in the Oxaliplatin for Injection and fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm (listed in decreasing order of frequency) were: metabolic, pneumonitis, catheter infection, vertigo, prothrombin time, pulmonary, rectal bleeding, dysuria, nail changes, chest pain, rectal pain, syncope, hypertension, hypoxia, unknown infection, bone pain, pigmentation changes, and urticaria.

Table 10: Laboratory-Related Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥5% of Patients in the Previously Untreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer Trial

	Oxaliplatin and		Irinotecan and		Oxaliplatin and
Laboratory-Related	FU/LV		FU/LV		Irinotecan
Adverse Reaction	N=259		N=256		N=258
	All	Grades	All	Grades	All	Grades
	Grades	3 to 4	Grades	3 to 4	Grades	3 to 4
	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)
Hematology
Leukopenia	85	20	84	23	76	24
Neutropenia	81	53	77	44	71	36
Thrombocytopenia	71	5	26	2	44	4
Anemia	27	3	28	4	25	3
Hepatic
Increased AST*	17	1	2	1	11	1
Increased Alkaline
Phosphatase	16	0	8	0	14	2
Hyperbilirubinemia	6	1	3	1	3	2
Increased ALT†	6	1	2	0	5	2
* Aspartate transaminase
† Alanine transaminase

Previously Treated Advanced Colorectal Cancer

The safety of Oxaliplatin for Injection in combination with fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) was evaluated in a randomized trial in patients with refractory and relapsed colorectal cancer [see Clinical Studies (14.3)]. The adverse reaction profile in this trial was similar to that seen in other trials.

Three patients who received Oxaliplatin for Injection in the combination arm experienced fatal adverse reactions: gastrointestinal bleeding and dehydration.

Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia were reported in 27% and 17% of patients, respectively, in the Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm. Grade 3 to 4 increased serum creatinine occurred in 1% of patients in the Oxaliplatin for Injection with combination fluorouracil/leucovorin arm.

Thirteen percent of patients in the Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm discontinued treatment; the most frequent reasons were gastrointestinal adverse reactions, hematologic adverse reactions and neuropathies.

Tables 11, 12, and 13 summarize the adverse reactions reported in the previously treated advanced colorectal cancer trial.

Table 11: Adverse Reactions Reported in Patients in the Previously Treated Advanced Colorectal Cancer Trial (greater than or equal to 5% of all patients and with greater than or equal to 1% grade 3 to 4)

	Oxaliplatin +
	FU/LV		Oxaliplatin		FU/LV
Adverse Reaction*	N=150		N=153		N=142
	All	Grade	All	Grade	All	Grade
	Grades	3 to 4	Grades	3 to 4	Grades	3 to 4
Neurology
Neuropathy	74	7	76	7	17	0
Acute	56	2	65	5	10	0
Persistent	48	6	43	3	9	0
Constitutional Symptoms/Pain
Fatigue	68	7	61	9	52	6
Back Pain	19	3	11	0	16	4
Pain	15	2	14	3	9	3
Gastrointestinal
Diarrhea	67	11	46	4	44	3
Nausea	65	11	64	4	59	4
Vomiting	40	9	37	4	27	4
Stomatitis	37	3	14	0	32	3
Abdominal Pain	33	4	31	7	31	5
Anorexia	29	3	20	2	20	1
Gastroesophageal Reflux	5	2	1	0	3	0
Hematology/Infection
Fever	29	1	25	1	23	1
Febrile Neutropenia	6	6	0	0	1	1
Cardiovascular
Dyspnea	20	4	13	7	11	2
Coughing	19	1	11	0	9	0
Edema	15	1	10	1	13	1
Thromboembolism	9	8	2	1	4	2
Chest Pain	8	1	5	1	4	1
Dermatology/Skin
Injection Site Reaction	10	3	9	0	5	1
Hepatic/Metabolic/Laboratory/Renal
Hypokalemia	9	4	3	2	3	1
Dehydration	8	3	5	3	6	4
* Event coded in WHO-ART dictionary

Table 12: Adverse Reactions Reported in Patients in the Previously Treated Advanced Colorectal Cancer Clinical Trial (greater than or equal to 5% of all patients but with less than 1% grade 3 to 4)

	Oxaliplatin +
	FU/LV	Oxaliplatin	5-FU/LV
Adverse Reaction*	N=150	N=153	N=142
	All Grades	All Grades	All Grades
	(%)	(%)	(%)
Gastrointestinal
Constipation	32	31	23
Dyspepsia	14	7	10
Taste Perversion	13	5	1
Mucositis	7	2	10
Flatulence	5	3	6
Constitutional Symptoms/Pain/Ocular/Visual
Headache	17	13	8
Arthralgia	10	7	10
Epistaxis	9	2	1
Abnormal Lacrimation	7	1	6
Rigors	7	9	6
Allergy/Immunology
Rhinitis	15	6	4
Allergic Reaction	10	3	1
Rash	9	5	5
Neurology
Dizziness	13	7	8
Insomnia	9	11	4
Dermatology/Skin
Hand-Foot Syndrome	11	1	13
Flushing	10	3	2
Alopecia†	7	3	3
Pulmonary
Upper Respiratory
Tract Infection	10	7	4
Pharyngitis	9	2	10
Cardiovascular
Peripheral Edema	10	5	11
Hepatic/Metabolic/Laboratory/Renal
Hematuria	6	0	4
Dysuria	6	1	1
* Event coded in WHO-ART dictionary
† No complete alopecia was reported.

Clinically relevant adverse reactions in greater than or equal to 2% and less than 5% of the patients in the Oxaliplatin for Injection and fluorouracil/leucovorin combination arm (listed in decreasing order of frequency) were: anxiety, myalgia, erythematous rash, increased sweating, conjunctivitis, weight decrease, dry mouth, rectal hemorrhage, depression, ataxia, ascites, hemorrhoids, muscle weakness, nervousness, tachycardia, abnormal micturition frequency, dry skin, pruritus, hemoptysis, purpura, vaginal hemorrhage, melena, somnolence, pneumonia, proctitis, involuntary muscle contractions, intestinal obstruction, gingivitis, tenesmus, hot flashes, enlarged abdomen, and urinary incontinence.

Table 13: Laboratory-Related Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥5% of Patients with Previously Treated Advanced Colorectal Cancer

Laboratory-	Oxaliplatin and
Related Adverse	FU/LV		Oxaliplatin		FU/LV
Reaction	N=150		N=153		N=142
	All	Grades	All	Grades	All	Grades
	Grades	3 to 4	Grades	3 to 4	Grades	3 to 4
	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)	(%)
Hematology
Anemia	81	2	64	1	68	2
Leukopenia	76	19	13	0	34	1
Neutropenia	73	44	7	0	25	5
Thrombocytopenia	64	4	30	3	20	0
Hepatic
Increased ALT*	31	0	36	1	28	3
Increased AST†	47	0	54	4	39	2
Increased
Bilirubin	13	1	13	5	22	6
* Alanine transaminase
† Aspartate transaminase

Additional Adverse Reactions

The following adverse reactions were observed across clinical trials.

Intravenous Site Reactions

Injection site reaction, including redness, swelling, and pain, can occur with Oxaliplatin for Injection. In some cases, skin necrosis has occurred with extravasation.

PRES

PRES occurred in less than 0.1% of patients.

Pulmonary Fibrosis and Interstitial Lung Disease

Pulmonary fibrosis, which may be fatal, occurred in less than 1% of patients.

The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of Oxaliplatin for Injection. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.

• General: angioedema, anaphylactic shock
• Cardiovascular: QT prolongation leading to ventricular arrhythmias, including fatal torsade de pointes; bradyarrhythmia
• Neurological: loss of deep tendon reflexes, dysarthria, Lhermitte’s sign, cranial nerve palsies, fasciculations, convulsion
• Hearing and vestibular system: deafness
• Infections: septic shock, including fatal outcomes
• Infusion-related reactions and hypersensitivity reactions: laryngospasm
• Hepatic and gastrointestinal: severe diarrhea/vomiting resulting in hypokalemia, colitis (including Clostridium difficile diarrhea), metabolic acidosis, ileus, intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, perisinusoidal fibrosis which rarely may progress, esophagitis
• Musculoskeletal and connective tissue: rhabdomyolysis, including fatal outcomes
• Platelet, bleeding, and clotting disorders: immuno-allergic thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time and INR in patients receiving anticoagulants
• Blood disorders: secondary leukemia
• Red blood cell: hemolytic uremic syndrome, immuno-allergic hemolytic anemia
• Renal: acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis, acute renal failure
• Respiratory: interstitial lung diseases (sometimes fatal) and pneumonia (including fatal outcomes)
• Vision: decrease of visual acuity, visual field disturbance, optic neuritis and transient vision loss (reversible following treatment discontinuation)
• Injury, poisoning, and procedural complications: fall-related injuries

QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias can occur with Oxaliplatin for Injection [see Warnings and Precautions (5.7)]. Avoid coadministration of Oxaliplatin for Injection with medicinal products with a known potential to prolong the QT interval.

Because platinum-containing species are eliminated primarily through the kidney, clearance of these products may be decreased by coadministration of potentially nephrotoxic compounds [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Avoid coadministration of Oxaliplatin for Injection with medicinal products known to cause nephrotoxicity.

Prolonged prothrombin time and INR occasionally associated with hemorrhage have been reported in patients who received Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin while on anticoagulants [see Warnings and Precautions (5.10), Adverse Reactions (6.2)]. Increase frequency of monitoring in patients who are receiving Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin and oral anticoagulants.

Risk Summary

Based on its direct interaction with DNA, Oxaliplatin for Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. The available human data do not establish the presence or absence of major birth defects or miscarriage related to the use of Oxaliplatin for Injection. Reproductive toxicity studies demonstrated adverse effects on embryo-fetal development in rats at maternal doses that were below the recommended human dose based on body surface area (see Data). Advise a pregnant woman of the potential risk to a fetus.

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively.

Data

Animal data

Pregnant rats were administered oxaliplatin at less than one-tenth the recommended human dose based on body surface area during gestation days (GD) 1 to 5 (preimplantation), GD 6 to 10, or GD 11 to 16 (during organogenesis). Oxaliplatin caused developmental mortality (increased early resorptions) when administered on days GD 6 to 10 and GD 11 to 16 and adversely affected fetal growth (decreased fetal weight, delayed ossification) when administered on days GD 6 to 10.

Risk Summary

There are no data on the presence of oxaliplatin or its metabolites in human or animal milk or its effects on the breastfed infant or on milk production. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed infants, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment with Oxaliplatin for Injection and for 3 months after the final dose.

Pregnancy Testing

Verify pregnancy status in females of reproductive potential prior to initiating Oxaliplatin for Injection [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Contraception

Oxaliplatin for Injection can cause embryo-fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

Females

Advise female patients of reproductive potential to use effective contraception while receiving Oxaliplatin for Injection and for 9 months after the final dose.

Males

Based on its mechanism action as a genotoxic drug, advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception while receiving Oxaliplatin for Injection and for 6 months after the final dose [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

Infertility

Based on animal studies, Oxaliplatin for Injection may impair fertility in males and females [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

The safety and effectiveness of Oxaliplatin for Injection in pediatrics have not been established. Safety and effectiveness were assessed across 4 open-label studies in 235 patients aged 7 months to 22 years with solid tumors.

In a multicenter, open-label, non-comparative, non-randomized study (ARD5531), oxaliplatin was administered to 43 patients with refractory or relapsed malignant solid tumors, mainly neuroblastoma and osteosarcoma. The dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was sensory neuropathy at a dose of 110 mg/m². The main adverse reactions were: paresthesia (60%, grade 3 to 4: 7%), fever (40%, grade 3 to 4: 7%), and thrombocytopenia (40%, grade 3 to 4: 27%). No responses were observed.

In an open-label non-randomized study (DFI7434), oxaliplatin was administered to 26 pediatric patients with metastatic or unresectable solid tumors, mainly neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma. The DLT was sensory neuropathy at a dose of 160 mg/m². No responses were observed.

In an open-label, single-agent study (ARD5021), oxaliplatin was administered to 43 pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory embryonal CNS tumors. The most common adverse reactions reported were: leukopenia (67%, grade 3 to 4: 12%), anemia (65%, grade 3 to 4: 5%), thrombocytopenia (65%, grade 3 to 4: 26%), vomiting (65%, grade 3 to 4: 7%), neutropenia (58%, grade 3 to 4: 16%), and sensory neuropathy (40%, grade 3 to 4: 5%).

In an open-label single-agent study (ARD5530), oxaliplatin was administered to 123 pediatric patients with recurrent solid tumors, including neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma or peripheral PNET, ependymoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, hepatoblastoma, high grade astrocytoma, Brain stem glioma, low grade astrocytoma, malignant germ cell tumor and other tumors. The most common adverse reactions reported were: sensory neuropathy (52%, grade 3 to 4: 12%), thrombocytopenia (37%, grade 3 to 4: 17%), anemia (37%, grade 3 to 4: 9%), vomiting (26%, grade 3 to 4: 4%), increased ALT (24%, grade 3 to 4: 6%), increased AST (24%, grade 3 to 4: 2%), and nausea (23%, grade 3 to 4: 3%).

The pharmacokinetic parameters of ultrafilterable platinum were evaluated in 105 pediatric patients during the first cycle. The mean clearance in pediatric patients estimated by the population pharmacokinetic analysis was 4.7 L/h (%CV, 41%). Mean platinum pharmacokinetic parameters in ultrafiltrate were C_max of 0.75 ± 0.24 mcg/mL, AUC_0-48h of 7.52 ± 5.07 mcgh/mL and AUC_inf of 8.83 ± 1.57 mcgh/mL at 85 mg/m² of oxaliplatin and C_max of 1.10 ± 0.43 mcg/mL, AUC_0-48h of 9.74 ± 2.52 mcgh/mL and AUC_inf of 17.3 ± 5.34 mcgh/mL at 130 mg/m² of oxaliplatin.

In the adjuvant treatment trial [see Clinical Studies (14.1)], 400 patients who received Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin were greater than or equal to 65 years. The effect of Oxaliplatin for Injection in patients greater than or equal to 65 years was not conclusive. Patients greater than or equal to 65 years receiving Oxaliplatin for Injection experienced more diarrhea and grade 3 to 4 neutropenia (45% vs 39%) compared to patients less than 65 years.  

In the previously untreated advanced colorectal cancer trial [see Clinical Studies (14.2)], 99 patients who received Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil and leucovorin were greater than or equal to 65 years. The same efficacy improvements in response rate, time to tumor progression, and overall survival were observed in the greater than or equal to 65 years patients as in the overall study population. Adverse reactions were similar in patients less than 65 and greater than or equal to 65 years, but older patients may have been more susceptible to diarrhea, dehydration, hypokalemia, leukopenia, fatigue, and syncope.

In the previously treated advanced colorectal cancer trial [see Clinical Studies (14.3)], 55 patients who received Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil and leucovorin were greater than or equal to 65 years. No overall differences in effectiveness were observed between these patients and younger adults. Adverse reactions were similar in patients less than 65 and greater than or equal to 65 years, but older patients may have been more susceptible to diarrhea, dehydration, hypokalemia, and fatigue.

No significant effect of age on the clearance of ultrafilterable platinum has been observed [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

The AUC of unbound platinum in plasma ultrafiltrate was increased in patients with renal impairment [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. No dose reduction is recommended for patients with mild (creatinine clearance 50 to 79 mL/min) or moderate (creatinine clearance 30 to 49 mL/min) renal impairment, calculated by Cockcroft-Gault equation. Reduce the dose of Oxaliplatin for Injection in patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min) [see Dosage and Administration (2.3)].

Oxaliplatin undergoes nonenzymatic conversion in physiologic solutions to active derivatives via displacement of the labile oxalate ligand. Several transient reactive species are formed, including monoaquo and diaquo DACH platinum, which covalently bind with macromolecules. Both inter-and intrastrand Pt-DNA crosslinks are formed. Crosslinks are formed between the N7 positions of two adjacent guanines (GG), adjacent adenine-guanines (AG), and guanines separated by an intervening nucleotide (GNG). These crosslinks inhibit DNA replication and transcription. Cytotoxicity is cell-cycle nonspecific.

In vivo studies have shown antitumor activity of oxaliplatin against colon carcinoma. In combination with fluorouracil, oxaliplatin exhibits in vitro and in vivo antiproliferative activity greater than either compound alone in several tumor models (HT29 [colon], GR [mammary], and L1210 [leukemia]).

A pharmacodynamic relationship between platinum ultrafiltrate levels and clinical safety and effectiveness has not been established.

The reactive oxaliplatin derivatives are present as a fraction of the unbound platinum in plasma ultrafiltrate. After a single 2-hour intravenous infusion of Oxaliplatin for Injection at a dose of 85 mg/m², pharmacokinetic parameters expressed as ultrafilterable platinum were C_max of 0.814 mcg/mL and volume of distribution of 440 L.

Interpatient and intrapatient variability in ultrafilterable platinum exposure (AUC_0-48hr) assessed over 3 cycles was 23% and 6%, respectively.

Distribution

At the end of a 2-hour infusion of Oxaliplatin for Injection, approximately 15% of the administered platinum is present in the systemic circulation. The remaining 85% is rapidly distributed into tissues or eliminated in the urine. The decline of ultrafilterable platinum levels following Oxaliplatin for Injection administration is triphasic, including two distribution phases (t_1/2α; 0.43 hours and t_1/2β; 16.8 hours).

In patients, plasma protein binding of platinum is irreversible and is greater than 90%. The main binding proteins are albumin and gamma-globulins.

Platinum also binds irreversibly and accumulates (approximately 2-fold) in erythrocytes, where it appears to have no relevant activity. No platinum accumulation was observed in plasma ultrafiltrate following 85 mg/m² every two weeks.

Elimination

The decline of ultrafilterable platinum concentrations from plasma is characterized by a long terminal elimination phase (t_1/2γ; 392 hours).

Metabolism

Oxaliplatin undergoes rapid and extensive nonenzymatic biotransformation. There is no evidence of cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism in vitro.

Up to 17 platinum-containing derivatives have been observed in plasma ultrafiltrate samples from patients, including several cytotoxic species (monochloro DACH platinum, dichloro DACH platinum, and monoaquo and diaquo DACH platinum) and a number of noncytotoxic, conjugated species.

Excretion

The major route of platinum elimination is renal excretion. At five days after a single 2-hour infusion of Oxaliplatin for Injection, urinary elimination accounted for about 54% of the platinum eliminated, with fecal excretion accounting for only about 2%. Platinum was cleared from plasma at a rate (10 to 17 L/h) that was similar to or exceeded the average human glomerular filtration rate (GFR; 7.5 L/h). The renal clearance of ultrafilterable platinum is significantly correlated with GFR.

Special Populations

Sex

There was no significant effect of sex on the clearance of ultrafilterable platinum.

Patients with Renal Impairment

Patients with normal function (CLcr greater than 80 mL/min) and patients with mild (CLcr=50 to 80 mL/min) and moderate (CLcr equal to 30 to 49 mL/min) renal impairment received Oxaliplatin for Injection 85 mg/m² and those with severe (CLcr less than 30 mL/min) renal impairment received Oxaliplatin for Injection 65 mg/m². Mean dose adjusted AUC of unbound platinum was 40%, 95%, and 342% higher for patients with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, respectively, compared to patients with normal renal function. Mean dose adjusted C_max of unbound platinum appeared to be similar among the normal, mild and moderate renal function groups, but was 38% higher in the severe group than in the normal group [see Dosage and Administration ( 2 .3 )].

Drug Interaction Studies

No pharmacokinetic interaction between Oxaliplatin for Injection 85 mg/m² and infusional fluorouracil has been observed in patients treated every 2 weeks, but increases of fluorouracil plasma concentrations by approximately 20% have been observed with doses of 130 mg/m² of Oxaliplatin for Injection administered every 3 weeks.

In vitro platinum was not displaced from plasma proteins by the following medications: erythromycin, salicylate, sodium valproate, granisetron, and paclitaxel.

In vitro oxaliplatin does not inhibit human cytochrome P450 isoenzymes.

Long-term animal studies have not been performed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of oxaliplatin. Oxaliplatin was not mutagenic to bacteria (Ames test) but was mutagenic to mammalian cells in vitro (L5178Y mouse lymphoma assay). Oxaliplatin was clastogenic both in vitro (chromosome aberration in human lymphocytes) and in vivo (mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay).

In a fertility study, male rats were given oxaliplatin at 0, 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg/day for five days every 21 days for a total of three cycles prior to mating with females that received two cycles of oxaliplatin on the same schedule. A dose of 2 mg/kg/day (less than one-seventh the recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) did not affect pregnancy rate, but resulted in 97% postimplantation loss (increased early resorptions, decreased live fetuses, decreased live births) and delayed growth (decreased fetal weight).

Testicular damage, characterized by degeneration, hypoplasia, and atrophy, was observed in dogs administered oxaliplatin at 0.75 mg/kg/day (approximately one-sixth of the recommended human dose on a body surface area basis) × 5 days every 28 days for three cycles. A no effect level was not identified.

The efficacy of Oxaliplatin for Injection in combination with fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) was evaluated in an international, multicenter, randomized (1:1) trial (The Multicenter International Study of Oxaliplatin/5-Fluorouracil/Leucovorin in the Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer [MOSAIC], NCT00275210) in patients with stage II (Dukes’ B2) or III (Dukes’ C) colon cancer who had undergone complete resection of the primary tumor. Patients were randomized to receive Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin or fluorouracil/leucovorin alone for a total of 6 months (i.e., 12 cycles). Table 14 shows the dosing regimens for the two arms.

Eligible patients were between 18 and 75 years of age, had histologically proven stage II (T₃-T₄ N0 M0; Dukes’ B2) or III (any T N_1-2 M0; Dukes’ C) colon carcinoma (with the inferior pole of the tumor above the peritoneal reflection, i.e., greater than or equal to 15 cm from the anal margin) and had undergone (within 7 weeks prior to randomization) complete resection of the primary tumor without gross or microscopic evidence of residual disease and carcino-embyrogenic antigen (CEA) less than 10 ng/mL. Additional eligibility criteria were no prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiotherapy; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0, 1, or 2 (Karnofsky Performance Status greater than or equal to 60%); no pre-existing neuropathy; and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 1.5 × 10⁹/L, platelets greater than or equal to 100 × 10⁹/L, serum creatinine less than or equal to 1.25 × upper limit normal (ULN), total bilirubin less than 2 × ULN, and aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) less than 2 × ULN. The major efficacy outcome was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS).

Table 14: Dosing Regimens in Adjuvant Treatment Study

Treatment
Arm	Dose	Regimen
Oxaliplatin +	Day 1: Oxaliplatin for Injection: 85 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion) + LV: 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by	every 2 weeks
FU/LV	FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)	12 cycles
(FOLFOX4)
(N =1123)
	Day 2: LV: 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by FU:
	400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)
FU/LV	Day 1: LV: 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by FU:	every 2 weeks
(N=1123)	400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)	12 cycles
	Day 2: LV: 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion),
	followed by FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)

There were 2246 patients enrolled, of whom 1347 (60%) had Stage III disease. Tables 15 and 16 show the baseline characteristics and exposure to Oxaliplatin for Injection.

Table 15: Baseline Characteristics in Adjuvant Treatment Study

	Oxaliplatin + Infusional
	FU/LV	Infusional FU/LV
	N=1123	N=1123
Sex: Male (%)	56.1	52.4
Female (%)	43.9	47.6
Median age (years)	61.0	60.0
<65 years of age (%)	64.4	66.2
≥65 years of age (%)	35.6	33.8
KPS (%)
100	29.7	30.5
90	52.2	53.9
80	4.4	3.3
70	13.2	11.9
≤60	0.6	0.4
Primary site (%)
Colon including cecum	54.6	54.4
Sigmoid	31.9	33.8
Recto sigmoid	12.9	10.9
Other including rectum	0.6	0.9
Bowel obstruction (%)
Yes	17.9	19.3
Perforation (%)
Yes	6.9	6.9
Stage at Randomization (%)
II (T=3,4 N=0, M=0)	40.1	39.9
III (T=any, N=1,2, M=0)	59.6	59.3
IV (T=any, N=any, M=1)	0.4	0.8
Staging - T (%)
T1	0.5	0.7
T2	4.5	4.8
T3	76.0	75.9
T4	19.0	18.5
Staging - N (%)
N0	40.2	39.9
N1	39.4	39.4
N2	20.4	20.7
Staging - M (%)
M1	0.4	0.8

Table 16: Exposure to Oxaliplatin for Injection in Adjuvant Treatment Study

	Oxaliplatin +	Infusional
	Infusional FU/LV	FU/LV
	N=1108	N=1111
Median Relative Dose Intensity (%)
FU	84.4	97.7
Oxaliplatin for Injection	80.5	N/A
Median Number of Cycles	12	12
Median Number of Cycles with Oxaliplatin for Injection	11	N/A

The median duration of follow-up was approximately 77 months. In the overall and the stage III colon cancer populations, DFS was statistically significantly improved in the Oxaliplatin for Injection-containing arm compared to fluorouracil/leucovorin alone; however, a statistically significant improvement in DFS was not observed in Stage II patients. No significant differences in overall survival (OS) were detected in the overall population or those with Stage III disease. Table 17 and Figures 1 and 2 summarize the 5-year DFS rates in the overall randomized population and in patients with stage II and III disease based on an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis.

Table 17: Summary of DFS Analysis in Adjuvant Treatment Study - ITT Population

	Oxaliplatin +
	Infusional FU/LV	Infusional FU/LV
A hazard ratio of less than 1 favors Oxaliplatin  + Infusional FU/LV
Data cut off for disease-free survival June 1, 2006
Parameter
Overall
Number of patients	1123	1123
Number of events - relapse or death (%)	304 (27.1)	360 (32.1)
5-yr Disease-free survival % (95% CI)	73.3 (70.7, 76.0)	67.4 (64.6, 70.2)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)	0.80 (0.68, 0.93)
Stratified Log rank test	p=0.003
Stage III (Dukes' C)
Number of patients	672	675
Number of events - relapse or death (%)	226 (33.6)	271 (40.1)
5-yr Disease-free survival % (95% CI)	66.4 (62.7, 70.0)	58.9 (55.2, 62.7)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)	0.78 (0.65, 0.93)
Log rank test	p=0.005
Stage II (Dukes' B2)
Number of patients	451	448
Number of events - relapse or death (%)	78 (17.3)	89 (19.9)
5-yr Disease-free survival % (95% CI)	83.7 (80.2, 87.1)	79.9 (76.2, 83.7)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)	0.84 (0.62, 1.14)
Log rank test	p=0.258

Table 18 summarizes the OS results in the overall randomized population and in patients with stage II and III disease, based on the ITT analysis.

Table 18: Summary of OS Analysis in Adjuvant Treatment - ITT Population

Parameter	Oxaliplatin +	Infusional FU/LV
	Infusional FU/LV
A hazard ratio of less than 1 favors Oxaliplatin + Infusional FU/LV
Data cut off for overall survival January 16, 2007
Overall
Number of patients	1123	1123
Number of death events (%)	245 (21.8)	283 (25.2)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)	0.84 (0.71, 1.00)
Stage III (Dukes' C)
Number of patients	672	675
Number of death events (%)	182 (27.1)	220 (32.6)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)	0.80 (0.65, 0.97)
Stage II (Dukes' B2)
Number of patients	451	448
Number of death events (%)	63 (14.0)	63 (14.1)
Hazard ratio (95% CI)	1.00 (0.70, 1.41)

The efficacy of Oxaliplatin for Injection in combination with fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) was evaluated in a North American, multicenter, open-label, randomized, active-controlled trial (A Randomized Phase III Trial of Three Different Regimens of CPT-11 Plus 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin Compared to 5-Fluorouracil and Leucovorin in Patients with Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum; NCT00003594). The trial included 7 arms at different times during its conduct, four of which were closed due to either changes in the standard of care, toxicity, or simplification. During the trial, the control arm was changed to irinotecan with fluorouracil/leucovorin.

The results reported below compared the efficacy of Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin and Oxaliplatin for Injection with irinotecan to an approved control regimen of irinotecan with fluorouracil/leucovorin in 795 concurrently randomized patients previously untreated for locally advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. Table 19 presents the dosing regimens for the three arms. After completion of enrollment, the dose of irinotecan with fluorouracil/leucovorin was decreased due to toxicity.

Eligible patients were at least 18 years of age; had known locally advanced, locally recurrent, or metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma not curable by surgery or amenable to radiation therapy; with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤0, 1, or 2. Patients had to have absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 1.5 × 10⁹/L, platelets greater than or equal to 100 × 10⁹/L, hemoglobin greater than or equal to 9.0 g/dL, creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN), total bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL, aspartate transaminase (AST)  less than or equal to 5 × ULN, and alkaline phosphatase less than or equal to 5 × ULN. Patients may have received adjuvant treatment for resected Stage II or III disease without recurrence within 12 months. Randomization was stratified by ECOG performance status (0, 1 vs 2), prior adjuvant chemotherapy (yes vs no), prior immunotherapy (yes vs no), and age (less than 65 vs greater than or equal to 65 years). Although no post study treatment was specified in the protocol, 65% to 72% of patients received additional post study chemotherapy after study treatment discontinuation on all arms. Fifty-eight percent of patients on the Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin arm received an irinotecan-containing regimen and 23% of patients on the irinotecan with fluorouracil/leucovorin arm received an oxaliplatin-containing regimen. The main efficacy outcome measure was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and additional efficacy outcome measures were overall survival (OS). 

Table 19: Dosing Regimens for Previously Untreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer Clinical Trial 

Treatment Arm	Dose	Regimen
Oxaliplatin + FU/LV	Day 1: Oxaliplatin for Injection: 85 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion) + LV 200 mg/m2	every 2
(FOLFOX4)	(2-hour infusion), followed by FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour	weeks
(N=267)	infusion)
	Day 2: LV 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by FU: 400 mg/m2
	(bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)
Irinotecan +	Day 1: irinotecan 125 mg/m2 as a 90–min infusion + LV 20 mg/m2	every 6
FU/LV	as a 15-min infusion or intravenous push, followed by	weeks
(IFL)	FU 500 mg/m2 intravenous bolus weekly x 4
(N=264)
Oxaliplatin +	Day 1: Oxaliplatin for Injection: 85 mg/m2 intravenous (2-hour infusion) +	every 3
Irinotecan	irinotecan 200 mg/m2 intravenous over 30 minutes	weeks
(IROX)
(N=264)

Table 20 presents the baseline characteristics.

Table 20: Baseline Characteristics for Previously Untreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer Clinical Trial

	Oxaliplatin +	Irinotecan +	Oxaliplatin +
	FU/LV	FU/LV	Irinotecan
	N=267	N=264	N=264
Sex: Male (%)	58.8	65.2	61.0
Female (%)	41.2	34.8	39.0
Median age (years)	61.0	61.0	61.0
<65 years of age (%)	61	62	63
≥65 years of age (%)	39	38	37
ECOG (%)
0 to 1	94.4	95.5	94.7
2	5.6	4.5	5.3
Involved organs (%)
Colon only	0.7	0.8	0.4
Liver only	39.3	44.3	39.0
Liver + other	41.2	38.6	40.9
Lung only	6.4	3.8	5.3
Other (including lymph nodes)	11.6	11.0	12.9
Not reported	0.7	1.5	1.5
Prior radiation (%)	3.0	1.5	3.0
Prior surgery (%)	74.5	79.2	81.8
Prior adjuvant (%)	15.7	14.8	15.2

The median number of cycles administered per patient was 10 (23.9 weeks) for the Oxaliplatin for Injection plus fluorouracil/leucovorin regimen, 4 (23.6 weeks) for the irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin regimen, and 7 (21.0 weeks) for the Oxaliplatin for Injection plus irinotecan regimen.

Patients who received Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin had a significantly longer time to tumor progression based on investigator assessment, longer OS, and a significantly higher confirmed response rate based on investigator assessment compared to patients who received irinotecan with fluorouracil/leucovorin. Efficacy results are summarized in Table 21 and Figure 3.

Table 21: Efficacy Results for Previously Untreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer Trial

	Oxaliplatin +	Irinotecan +	Oxaliplatin +
	FU/LV	FU/LV	Irinotecan
	N=267	N=264	N=264
* Compared to irinotecan plus fluorouracil/leucovorin (IFL) arm.
† A hazard ratio of less than 1 favors Oxaliplatin + Infusional FU/LV.
‡ Based on all patients with measurable disease at baseline.
The numbers in the response rate and TTP analysis are based on unblinded investigator assessment.
Survival (ITT)
Number of deaths (%)	155 (58.1)	192 (72.7)	175 (66.3)
Median survival (months)	19.4	14.6	17.6
Hazard ratio (95% CI)	0.65 (0.53, 0.80)∗		-
P-value	<0.0001*		-
TTP (ITT, investigator assessment)
Percentage of progressors	82.8	81.8	89.4
Median TTP (months)	8.7	6.9	6.5
Hazard ratio (95% CI)	0.74 (0.61, 0.89)∗		-
P-value	0.0014*		-
Response Rate (investigator assessment) ‡
Patients with measurable disease	210	212	215
Complete response, N (%)	13 (6.2)	5 (2.4)	7 (3.3)
Partial response, N (%)	82 (39.0)	64 (30.2)	67 (31.2)
Complete and partial response, N (%)	95 (45.2)	69 (32.5)	74 (34.4)
95% CI	(38.5, 52.0)	(26.2, 38.9)	(28.1, 40.8)
P-value	0.0080*		-

In descriptive subgroup analyses, the improvement in overall survival (OS) for Oxaliplatin for Injection with fluorouracil/leucovorin compared to irinotecan with fluorouracil/leucovorin appeared to be maintained across age groups, prior adjuvant treatment, number of organs involved  and both sexes; however, the effect appeared larger among women than men.

The efficacy of Oxaliplatin for Injection in combination with fluorouracil (FU)/leucovorin (LV) was evaluated in a multicenter, open-label, randomized, three-arm controlled trial was conducted in the US and Canada in patients with advanced colorectal cancer who had relapsed/progressed during or within 6 months of first-line treatment with bolus fluorouracil/leucovorin and irinotecan (A multicenter, open-label, randomized, three-arm study of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) + leucovorin (LV) or oxaliplatin or a combination of 5-FU/LV + oxaliplatin as second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal carcinoma: NCT00008281). Patients were randomized to one of three regimens; the dosing regimens are presented in Table 22. Eligible patients were at least 18 years of age, had unresectable, measurable, histologically proven colorectal adenocarcinoma, with a Karnofsky performance status (KPS) greater than 50%. Patients had to have aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase less than or equal to 2 × upper limit of normal (ULN), unless liver metastases were present and documented at baseline by CT or MRI scan, in which case less than or equal to 5 × ULN was permitted. Prior radiotherapy was permitted if it had been completed at least 3 weeks before randomization. The main efficacy outcome measure was 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and an additional outcome measure was overall survival (OS).

Table 22: Dosing Regimens in Refractory and Relapsed Colorectal Cancer Trial

Treatment
Arm	Dose	Regimen
Oxaliplatin +	Day 1: Oxaliplatin for Injection: 85 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion) + LV 200 mg/m2 (2-hour	every 2
FU/LV	infusion), followed by FU: 400mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour infusion)	weeks
(N =152)
	Day 2: LV 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour
	infusion)
FU/LV	Day 1: LV 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour	every 2
(N=151)	infusion)	weeks
	Day 2: LV 200 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion), followed by FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus), 600 mg/m2 (22-hour
	infusion)
Oxaliplatin	Day 1: Oxaliplatin for Injection 85 mg/m2 (2-hour infusion)	every 2
(N=156)		weeks

Patients must have had at least one unidimensional lesion measuring greater than or equal to 20 mm using conventional CT or MRI scans or greater than or equal to 10 mm using a spiral CT scan. Tumor response and progression were assessed every 3 cycles (6 weeks) using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) until radiological documentation of progression or for 13 months following the first dose of study drug(s), whichever came first. Confirmed responses were based on two tumor assessments separated by at least 4 weeks. Baseline characteristics are shown in Table 23.

Table 23: Baseline Characteristics in Refractory and Relapsed Colorectal Cancer Trial

	Oxaliplatin +	Oxaliplatin	FU/LV
	FU/LV	N=156	N=151
	N=152
Sex: Male (%)	57.2	60.9	54.3
Female (%)	42.8	39.1	45.7
Median age (years)	59.0	61.0	60.0
Range	22 to 88	27 to 79	21 to 80
Race (%)
Caucasian	88.8	84.6	87.4
Black	5.9	7.1	7.9
Asian	2.6	2.6	1.3
Other	2.6	5.8	3.3
KPS (%)
70 to 100	95.4	92.3	94.7
50 to 60	2.0	4.5	2.6
Not reported	2.6	3.2	2.6
Prior radiotherapy (%)	25.0	19.2	25.2
Prior pelvic radiation (%)	21.1	13.5	18.5
Number of metastatic sites (%)
1	25.7	31.4	27.2
≥2	74.3	67.9	72.2
Liver involvement (%)
Liver only	18.4	25.6	22.5
Liver + other	53.3	59.0	60.3

The median number of cycles administered per patient was 6 for the Oxaliplatin for Injection and fluorouracil/leucovorin combination and 3 each for fluorouracil/leucovorin alone and Oxaliplatin for Injection alone. Patients treated with the combination of Oxaliplatin for Injection and fluorouracil/leucovorin had an increased response rate compared to patients given fluorouracil/leucovorin or oxaliplatin alone. Efficacy results are summarized in Tables 24 and 25.

Table 24: Response Rates in Refractory and Relapsed Colorectal Cancer Clinical Trial - ITT Analysis

	Oxaliplatin +
Best Response	FU/LV	Oxaliplatin	FU/LV
	N=152	N=156	N=151
Complete Response	0	0	0
Partial Response	13 (9%)	2 (1%)	0
P-value	0.0002 FU/LV vs Oxaliplatin + FU/LV
95% CI	4.6%, 14.2%	0.2%, 4.6%	0, 2.4%

Table 25: Radiographic Time to Progression (TTP)* in Refractory and Relapsed Colorectal Cancer Clinical Trial

	Oxaliplatin +
	FU/LV	Oxaliplatin	FU/LV
Arm	N=152	N=156	N=151
* This is not an ITT analysis. Events were limited to radiographic disease progression documented by independent review of radiographs. Clinical progression was not included in this analysis, and 18% of patients were excluded from the analysis based on unavailability of the radiographs for independent review.
Number of progressors	50	101	74
Number of patients with no radiological	17 (11%)	16 (10%)	22 (15%)
evaluation beyond baseline
Median TTP (months)	4.6	1.6	2.7
95% CI	4.2, 6.1	1.4, 2.7	1.8, 3.0

At the time of the interim analysis 49% of the radiographic progression events had occurred. In this interim analysis an estimated 2-month increase in median time to radiographic progression was observed compared to fluorouracil/leucovorin alone.

Oxaliplatin for Injection, USP is supplied in clear, glass, single-dose vials with gray elastomeric stoppers and aluminum flip-off seals containing 50 mg or 100 mg of oxaliplatin, USP as a sterile, preservative-free, lyophilized powder for reconstitution. Lactose monohydrate is also present as an inactive ingredient.

50 mg single-dose vial with green flip-off seal individually packaged in a carton NDC 45963-611-53.

100 mg single-dose vial with light-blue flip-off seal individually packaged in a carton NDC 45963-611-59.

Lyophilized
Sterile, Nonpyrogenic, Preservative-free
The container closure is not made with natural rubber latex.

Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15° and 30°C (59° and 86°F) [see USP controlled room temperature].

Retain in carton until time of use. Discard unused portion.

Oxaliplatin for Injection, USP is a cytotoxic drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.¹ The use of gloves is recommended. If a solution of Oxaliplatin for Injection, USP contacts the skin, wash the skin immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. If Oxaliplatin for Injection, USP contacts the mucous membranes, flush thoroughly with water.