Age-Related Macular Degeneration
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Key Points
...an estimated 80% of age-related macular dege...
Etiology
...Etiol...
...Risk...
...oking cessation is strongly recommended when advi...
In light of all the available info...
...netic testing for risk alleles is not curren...
...Natural History...
Reticular pseudodrusen are best imaged using fundu...
Diagnosis
...Diagnosis...
...acular degeneration (AMD) is a disorder of t...
Figure 1. Macular Degeneration
...ssification of AMD from the AREDSa...
Care Process
...Care Process...
...al evaluation of a patient with signs a...
...ial history should consider symptoms of metamorph...
...istory should consider medication and nu...
...nitial history should consider ocular history, me...
...tial history should consider social history...
...al examination should include a co...
...ination should include stereoscopic biomicroscopi...
...-lamp biomicroscopy of the ocular fundus is often...
...ical coherence tomography (OCT) is im...
...ssists in evaluating the response of the retina...
...eration OCT modalities, including spe...
...undus fluorescein angiography is in...
...undus fluorescein angiography is helpful to detec...
...orfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) or laser p...
...ravenous fundus fluorescein angiography is helpfu...
...us fluorescein angiography is helpful to assist...
...CNV is suspected on the basis of new...
...rescein angiography is performed, the physician m...
...c facility should have a care plan in place...
...lor fundus photographs may be obtained w...
...dus photographs may also be used as a...
...e green (ICG) angiography has been s...
...graphy is performed, the physician must be...
...al other tests including fundus autofluorescence...
...ents with early AMD and/or a family h...
Management
...Management...
...o are currently smoking should be advised...
...with antioxidants and minerals as des...
...with a high risk AMD phenotype are at i...
...a high risk AMD phenotype should be educated about...
...ic monitoring devices are now available...
...examination are the recommended elements of the fo...
...history should take into account symptoms, in...
...low-up history should take into account cha...
...ollow-up history should take into acco...
...llow-up history should take into account...
...on on the follow-up visit should incl...
...examination on the follow-up visit sho...
Patients who have been treated with...
...coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein an...
Initial treatment and follow-up with intrav...
...ollow-up and treatment intervals vary depending...
...atients treated with pegaptanib sodium injec...
...ent examinations, OCT, and fluorescein angiogra...
...eated patients should be instructed to re...
...should be instructed to monitor their vis...
...eptionally high risk (e.g., the presence of a...
...cal personnel should be aware that patient...
...hthalmologist will perform most of the examina...
...l patients with AMD should be educated about t...
...ed consent process should include a discus...
...abilitation restores functional ability and...
...pecial optical or electronic magni...
...arles Bonnet syndrome and their family me...
...mologist may inquire about symptoms...
...Treatment Recommendations and Follow-up for...
...ble 4. Antioxidant Vitamin and Mineral Su...
...le 5. Summary of Results of Original...
Findings and Recommendations for Care
...Findings a...
...ts who have been instructed to use aspiri...
Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplementation a...
...eal injection therapy using pan-vascular VEGF in...
...estive of postinjection endophthalmitis...
Treatment Modalities
...Treatment M...
...no evidence to support the use of antioxi...
...dose (25 mg) in the AREDS2 formulation co...
...apies have become first-line therapy for treatmen...
...veal lesions that may have been pre...
Patients with juxtafoveal lesions ma...
...rrent trend is to use anti-VEGF agents in prefer...
...aser surgery for extrafoveal lesions remains...
...therapy, acupuncture, electrical stimulation...
...anti-VEGF trials have used either a f...
...n should be used when dosing PRN bevacizuma...
...variable dosing regimen that attempts to...
...risks, benefits, complications, and...
...teporfin is contraindicated in patients with...
...l consideration should be given to patients...
...uction or enlargement of a pre-existing scotoma,...
...he potential adverse effects, such as increased ra...