Age-Related Macular Degeneration
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
IMPORTANT INFORMATION
Key Points
...y Points...
...n estimated 80% of age-related macular degen...
Etiology
Etiolog...
Risk Factor...
...ng cessation is strongly recommended when adv...
...all the available information on the subject of...
...outine genetic testing for risk alleles i...
...ral History...
...seudodrusen are best imaged using fundus...
Diagnosis
...gnosis...
...ted macular degeneration (AMD) is a dis...
...e 1. Macular Degenerat...
...Classification of AMD from the AREDSaHaving tr...
Care Process
Care Proc...
...initial evaluation of a patient with signs and sy...
...ial history should consider symptoms of me...
...istory should consider medication and nutritio...
...ial history should consider ocular...
...tial history should consider social hist...
...hysical examination should include a...
...l examination should include stereoscopic biomicro...
...t-lamp biomicroscopy of the ocular...
...l coherence tomography (OCT) is important in...
...sts in evaluating the response of the r...
...on OCT modalities, including spectral do...
...nous fundus fluorescein angiography is indicated w...
...enous fundus fluorescein angiography...
...verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT) or laser...
...fundus fluorescein angiography is helpf...
...ravenous fundus fluorescein angiography is hel...
...suspected on the basis of new symp...
If fluorescein angiography is performed, the physi...
...ographic facility should have a care...
...photographs may be obtained when angiogra...
...hotographs may also be used as a baseline ref...
...ine green (ICG) angiography has been...
...aphy is performed, the physician must be aware...
...ther tests including fundus autofluorescence,...
...s with early AMD and/or a family history of AMD...
Management
...anagement...
...e currently smoking should be advised to stop. (I+...
...h antioxidants and minerals as described previ...
...nts with a high risk AMD phenotype are at incre...
...h a high risk AMD phenotype should be educ...
...onic monitoring devices are now avai...
...story and examination are the recommende...
...up history should take into account symptoms,...
...p history should take into account change...
...w-up history should take into account change...
...follow-up history should take into account changes...
...he examination on the follow-up visit should inclu...
...ation on the follow-up visit should include ste...
...ents who have been treated with aflibercept,...
...ence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography,...
...treatment and follow-up with intravitreal a...
...ollow-up and treatment intervals vary de...
...ts treated with pegaptanib sodium injection...
...equent examinations, OCT, and fluorescein...
...ents should be instructed to report symptoms o...
...be instructed to monitor their vision and to r...
...exceptionally high risk (e.g., the...
...y clinical personnel should be awa...
...halmologist will perform most of the examinat...
...ith AMD should be educated about th...
...med consent process should include a discussion...
...litation restores functional ability...
...ecial optical or electronic magnifying lenses,...
Patients with Charles Bonnet syndrome and their...
...ogist may inquire about symptoms of clinical dep...
...reatment Recommendations and Follow-up for...
...ble 4. Antioxidant Vitamin and Mineral Suppl...
...5. Summary of Results of Original AREDS for D...
Findings and Recommendations for Care
...ings and Recommendations for Care
...who have been instructed to use aspirin...
...tamin and mineral supplementation as per...
...jection therapy using pan-vascular VEGF...
...stive of postinjection endophthalmitis or retin...
Treatment Modalities
...reatment Modaliti...
...evidence to support the use of antio...
...lower zinc dose (25 mg) in the AREDS...
...herapies have become first-line therapy fo...
Most juxtafoveal lesions that may h...
...juxtafoveal lesions may also be considered eligibl...
...nt trend is to use anti-VEGF agents in pr...
...rgery for extrafoveal lesions remains a...
...y, acupuncture, electrical stimulati...
...anti-VEGF trials have used either a...
...ution should be used when dosing PRN bev...
...nuous, variable dosing regimen that...
...isks, benefits, complications, and alter...
...is contraindicated in patients wit...
...ideration should be given to patients wit...
...or enlargement of a pre-existing sco...
...f the potential adverse effects, such as increase...