Today we’re showcasing some of the most recent ophthalmology-related articles posted in the past two months across medical journals. These articles cover topics including predicting diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, glaucoma, intraocular pressure during nonocular surgery, and more.

Electrochemical Immunosensing for Rapid Glaucoma Disease Diagnosis Through Simultaneous Determination of SPP1 and GAS6 Proteins in Ocular Fluids

  • Talanta, June 2025
  • Description: The present work reports the development of the first electrochemical immunoplatform for the simultaneous determination of Osteopontin and Growth Arrest-Specific 6 proteins, novel glaucoma-related biomarkers, involving magnetic microparticles, specific capture and detection antibodies further labeled with horseradish peroxidase for the selective and sensitive sandwiching of both proteins and amperometric detection at disposable screen-printed carbon electrodes.
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Tacrolimus Modulates TGF-β Signaling-Related Genes and MicroRNAs in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Activated by Lipopolysaccharide

  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, June 2025
  • Description:  Tacrolimus modulates both canonical (upregulation of SMAD2/4 and downregulation of SMAD7) and non-canonical (JAK/STAT and MAPK) TGF-β signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RPE cells. These changes collectively suggest a dual anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect. The increased TGF-β2 and decreased SMAD7 levels, alongside altered miRNA expression (e.g., downregulation of miR-200a-3p), indicate that tacrolimus may inhibit key profibrotic mechanisms underlying PVR. These findings support the potential therapeutic repurposing of tacrolimus in PVR and warrant further in vivo validation.
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The Cholesterol-HDL-glucose (CHG) Index and Traditional Adiposity Markers in Predicting Diabetic Retinopathy and Nephropathy

  • Journal of Diabetes Investigation, May 2025
  • Description: The study investigates the relationship between four metabolic indices-visceral adiposity index, lipid accumulation product, triglyceride glucose index, and cholesterol-HDL-glucose index-and the presence of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy in patients with long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Atropine and Spectacle Lens Combination Treatment (ASPECT): 12-month Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial for Myopia Control Using a Combination of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) Lenses and 0.025% Atropine

  • The British Journal of Ophthalmology, May 2025
  • Description: The study evaluates and compares the efficacy of combination treatment using 0.025% atropine and Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments spectacle lenses to 0.025% atropine and single vision spectacle lenses in slowing myopia progression in children with myopia.
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Effect of Prone Position on Intraocular Pressure in Patients Undergoing Nonocular Surgery: A Systematic Review
  • Cureus, May 2025
  • Description: A total of eight studies comprising 649 patients who underwent nonocular surgery under prone positioning were reviewed. Most patients underwent spine surgery with total intravenous anesthesia. The device most frequently used for intraocular pressure measurement was Tono-Pen® XL (Medtronic plc, Galway, Ireland). None of the patients suffered from visual loss postoperatively. Only three patients had vision disturbances after surgery due to prone positioning. There was also a significant rise in intraocular pressure from the supine to the prone position.
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Look forward to more journal-focused topics in the coming weeks. 

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