Osteoporosis Prevention, Screening, and Diagnosis
Publication Date: August 31, 2021
Last Updated: March 14, 2022
Common Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
- Increasing age
- Parental history of hip or spine fracture
- BMI less than 20 kg/m2 or body weight less than 127 lb
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol use (ie, more than three drinks per day)
- Conditions, diseases, and medications associated with secondary osteoporosis:*
- AIDS and HIV, anorexia nervosa, diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2), diminished ovarian reserve, gastric bypass, hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcemia, premature menopause (induced, surgical, or spontaneous), primary ovarian insufficiency, renal impairment, rheumatoid arthritis, Turner’s syndrome, vitamin D deficiency
- Antiepileptic drugs (eg, phenytoin, carbamazepine, primidone, and phenobarbital), antiretroviral drugs, aromatase inhibitors, chemotherapy, DMPA, glucocorticoids, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists), heparin
Prevention Strategies
Physical Activity
ACOG recommends routine aerobic physical activity (moderate-to-high impact) and weight-bearing exercises (muscle strengthening or exercise against resistance) to maintain bone health and prevent bone loss. ( Moderate , Strong )
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Title
Osteoporosis Prevention, Screening, and Diagnosis
Authoring Organization
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists