Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Patterns of Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management of Colon Ischemia

The diagnosis of CI is usually established because of symptoms including sudden cramping, mild, abdominal pain; an urgent desire to defecate; and passage within 24 h of bright red or maroon blood per rectum or bloody diarrhea. (Strong  “We recommend”Very low)

A diagnosis of non-IRCI should be considered when patients present with hematochezia. (Strong  “We recommend”Very low)