Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain

For patients with low back pain, we recommend the history and physical examination include evaluation for progressive or otherwise serious neurologic deficits and other red flags (e.g., signs, symptoms, history) associated with serious underlying pathology (e.g., malignancy, fracture, infection). (Strong for)

For patients with low back pain, there is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against pain neuroscience education, clinician-directed education with patient-led goal setting, or back school. (Neither for or against)