Chronic Kidney Disease Evidence-Based Nutrition

Publication Date: August 26, 2020

Screening and Referral

Screening and Referral

CKD: Routine Nutrition Screening

In adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) 3-5D or posttransplantation, it is reasonable to consider routine nutrition screening at least biannually with the intent of identifying those at risk of protein-energy wasting. (C, Conditional, O)
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CKD: Nutrition Screening Tools

In adults with CKD 3-5D or posttransplantation, there is limited evidence to suggest the use of one tool over others for identifying those at risk of protein-energy wasting. (W, Conditional, 2(D))
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Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

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CKD often progresses slowly over a period of years. The National Kidney Foundation created a guideline to help physicians identify each level of kidney disease. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) measures kidney function. CKD was divided into five stages to help guide treatment:
Stage GFR
Stage 1 With normal or high GFR (GFR >90 mL/min)
Stage 2 Mild CKD (GFR = 60–89 mL/min)
Stage 3A Moderate CKD (GFR = 45–59 mL/min)
Stage 3B Moderate CKD (GFR = 30–44 mL/min)
Stage 4 Severe CKD 9GFR = 15–29 mL/min)
Stage 5 End Stage CKD (GFR <15 mL/min)

Nutrition Assessment

...ion Assessment

...Nutrition AssessmentIn adults with...


...: Skinfold ThicknessIn adults with CKD...


...rcumferenceIn adults with CKD 5D, we su...


...city IndexIn adults with CKD 5D on MH...


...Creatinine KineticsIn adults with CKD 5D, we...


CKD: Body Mass Index (BMI) as a Predict...


...KD: BMI as a Predictor of Mortality, Perit...


...BMI as a Predictor of Mortality, Non-DialyzedIn...


...Predictor of Mortality, Post-TransplantIn post...


...osition and Body Weight/BMIIn adults wi...


...ency of Body Weight/BMI and Body Co...


...Assessment of Body WeightIn adult...


...Protein Energy Wasting (PEW)In adults with CKD...


...ctrical Impedance for Patients on MHDIn adults...


...al Impedance for Patients, Non-Dialyzed a...


...nergy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) for Bod...


...gle Biomarker MeasurementsIn adults with CKD sta...


...Albumin LevelsIn adults with CKD 5D on MHD,, ser...


...ip StrengthIn adults with CKD 1-5D, we suggest...


...ssessment of Resting Energy ExpenditureIn adults...


...nergy Expenditure EquationsIn adults with...


...t Subjective Global Assessment (SGA)In adults with...


...trition Inflammation Score (MIS)In adults with CK...


...siderations when Assessing Dietary I...


...y Food Records to Assess Dietary Intake...


...ive Methods of Assessing Dietary IntakeI...


Nutrition Intervention

...on Intervention...

...acronutrie...

...y Patterns: Mediterranean DietIn adults with C...

...D: Dietary Patterns: Fruits and VegetablesIn...

...n-3 PUFA Nutritional Supplements for L...

...FA Nutritional Supplements for Lipid Prof...

...n-3 PUFA Nutritional Supplements for Lip...

...A Nutritional Supplements for Mortali...

...PUFA Nutritional Supplements for Mor...

...triction, Non-Dialysis, Non-DiabeticIn adul...

...tary Protein Intake, Maintenance Hemodialysi...

...Dietary Protein Intake, Peritoneal D...

...trients: Protein TypeIn adults with CKD...

...Macronutrients: Protein Type, Post-Tran...

...PUFA Nutritional Supplements for AV Graf...

...adults with CKD 5D on MHD, we suggest not r...

...r fistulas. (F, Imperative, 2(A))307777

...Nutritional Supplements for Kidney A...

...Protein-Energy Supplementation for CKD 3-5...

...tein-Energy Supplementation for Post-TransplantIn...

...utrition SupplementationIn adults with CKD...

...otal Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) and I...

...rotein-Energy SupplementationIn adults...

...Protein Restriction, Non-Dialysis with DiabetesIn...

...Dietary Protein Intake, Maintenance Hemo...

...ement on Energy Intake in CKD 1-5DIn ad...

...on Energy Intake in Post-TransplantIn adults...


...ronutrient...

...: Dietary Micronutrient IntakeIn a...

...Micronutrient Assessment and SupplementationIn...

...KD: Micronutrient Supplementation, Dialys...

...Acid Supplementation for Hyperhomocyst...

...cid Supplementation for Folic Acid Deficiency and...

...Supplementation for Folic Acid Deficiency an...

...min C SupplementationIn adults with CKD 1-5D o...

...KD: Vitamins E and A Supplementation and T...

...nt Medication and Vitamin K SupplementationIn a...

CKD: Selenium and Zinc SupplementationIn adu...

...Supplementation for Vitamin D Deficiency and In...

...upplementation for Vitamin D Deficie...

...tamin D with ProteinuriaIn adults with C...

...olytes and Other Nutrients

CKD: Dietary Phosphorus AmountIn adul...

...KD: Dietary Phosphorus SourceIn adults with CKD...

...phorus Intake with HypophosphatemiaFor po...

...Intake and Blood Pressure, CKD 3-5, Non-Dialyzed...

...m Intake and Blood Pressure, CKD 5D and Pos...

...um Intake and ProteinuriaIn adults with CKD 3-5,...

...ntake and Dry Body WeightIn adults with CKD...

...ietary Potassium AmountIn adults with CKD 3-5D o...

CKD: Dietary and Supplemental Potassium In...

...ietary and Supplemental Potassium Inta...

...KD: Dietary Management of NEAPIn adults...

...icarbonate SupplementationIn adults with CKD 3-5D,...

...Bicarbonate MaintenanceIn adults with CK...

...KD: Total Calcium Intake, CKD 3-4In adults wit...

...tal Calcium Intake, CKD 5DIn adults with...


...al Nutrition Therapy (MN...

CKD: MNT to Improve OutcomesIn adults with...

...entIn adults with CKD 1-5D or posttranspla...


Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Nutrition Monitoring and...

...oring and EvaluationIn adults with CKD 3...