Management of Venous Thromboembolism: Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Publication Date: October 2, 2020
Last Updated: March 14, 2022
Recommendations
Acute PE
In patients with acute PE with a contraindication to anticoagulation therapy, we suggest an IVC filter be considered based on various clinical risk factors, as outlined in the rationale. (, )
Strength of recommendation: Limited ★★☆☆
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Acute DVT
In patients with acute DVT without PE and with a contraindication to anticoagulation therapy, we suggest that an IVC filter be considered based on various clinical risk factors, as outlined in the rationale. (, )
Strength of recommendation: Consensus ★☆☆☆
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Anticoagulation for VTE
- In patients undergoing anticoagulation for acute VTE (DVT, PE) in whom a contraindication to anticoagulation develops, we suggest that an IVC filter be considered in the setting of ongoing significant clinical risk for PE.
Strength of recommendation: Consensus ★☆☆☆
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- In patients undergoing extended anticoagulation for VTE (DVT, PE) and have completed the acute phase of treatment in whom a contraindication to anticoagulation develops, we suggest that an IVC filter not be placed, with rare exceptions.
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Recurrent VTE
In patients who are receiving therapeutic anticoagulation for VTE (DVT, PE) who experience a recurrent VTE, we suggest that a filter not be placed, with few exceptions. Reasons for anticoagulation failure should always be addressed. (, )
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Routine IVC Filter Placement
In patients with acute VTE (DVT, PE) who are being treated with therapeutic anticoagulation, we recommend against routine placement of an IVC filter. (, )
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PE with Advanced Therapies
In patients with acute PE who are undergoing advanced therapies, we suggest considering the placement of IVC filters only in select patients, as outlined in the rationale.
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DVT with Advanced Therapies
In patients with DVT who are undergoing advanced therapies, we suggest considering the placement of IVC filters only in select patients, as outlined in the rationale.
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Trauma Patients without Known VTE
In trauma patients without known acute VTE, we recommend against the routine placement of IVC filters for primary VTE prophylaxis.
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Major Surgery Patients without Known VTE
In patients without known acute VTE who are undergoing major surgery, we suggest against routine placement of IVC filters.
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Indwelling IVC Filters with No Anticoagulation Indication
In patients who have indwelling IVC filters with no other indication for anticoagulation, we cannot recommend for or against anticoagulation.
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Indwelling IVC Filters with Mitigated PE Risk
- In patients with indwelling retrievable/convertible IVC filters whose risk of PE has been mitigated or who are no longer at risk for PE, we suggest filters be routinely removed/converted unless risk outweighs benefit.
Strength of recommendation: Consensus ★☆☆☆
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- In patients with indwelling permanent IVC filters whose risk of PE has been mitigated or who are no longer at risk for PE, we suggest against routine removal of filters.
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Complications and Indwelling IVC Filters
In patients with complications attributed to indwelling IVC filters, we suggest filter removal be considered after weighing filter- versus procedure-related risks and the likelihood that filter removal will alleviate the complications.
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Structured Follow-up
In patients who have an IVC filter, we recommend the use of a structured follow-up program to increase retrieval rates and detect complications.
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Planned Filter Removal
In patients in whom IVC filter removal is planned, we suggest against routine preprocedural imaging of the filter and the use of laboratory studies except in select situations, as outlined in the rationale.
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Filter Removal without Standard Snare Techniques
In patients undergoing filter retrieval whose filter could not be removed by using standard techniques, we suggest attempted removal with advanced techniques, if appropriate and if the expertise is available, after reevaluation of risks and benefits.
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Filter Placement Technique
In patients undergoing IVC filter placement, we cannot recommend for or against any specific placement technique. (, )
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Recommendation Grading
Disclaimer
Overview
Title
Management of Venous Thromboembolism: Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Authoring Organization
American Society of Hematology
Publication Month/Year
October 2, 2020
Last Updated Month/Year
September 11, 2023
Supplemental Implementation Tools
Document Type
Guideline
External Publication Status
Published
Country of Publication
US
Inclusion Criteria
Female, Male, Adolescent, Adult, Child, Older adult
Health Care Settings
Ambulatory, Hospital, Outpatient
Intended Users
Nurse, nurse practitioner, physician, physician assistant
Scope
Prevention, Management, Treatment
Diseases/Conditions (MeSH)
D020246 - Venous Thrombosis, D011655 - Pulmonary Embolism, D056824 - Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis, D016769 - Embolism and Thrombosis, D004617 - Embolism
Keywords
VTE, Venous Thromboembolism, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, DVT, PE
Source Citation
Thomas L. Ortel, Ignacio Neumann, Walter Ageno, Rebecca Beyth, Nathan P. Clark, Adam Cuker, Barbara A. Hutten, Michael R. Jaff, Veena Manja, Sam Schulman, Caitlin Thurston, Suresh Vedantham, Peter Verhamme, Daniel M. Witt, Ivan D. Florez, Ariel Izcovich, Robby Nieuwlaat, Stephanie Ross, Holger J. Schünemann, Wojtek Wiercioch, Yuan Zhang, Yuqing Zhang; American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Blood Adv. 2020; 4 (19): 4693–4738. doi: https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001830
Methodology
Number of Source Documents
360
Literature Search Start Date
January 1, 2014
Literature Search End Date
January 1, 2019