Transplant Referral Timing Guidelines

Publication Date: January 1, 2021
Last Updated: January 19, 2024

Adult Leukemias and Myelodysplasia

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

High-resolution HLA typing is recommended at diagnosis for all patients
HCT consultation should take place early after initial diagnosis, for all patients with AML including:
• Primary induction failure
• Measurable (also known as minimal residual disease after initial therapy
• CR1 - except favorable risk AML [defined as:t(8;21)(q22;q22.1); RUNX1-RUNX1T1, inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22);CBFB-MYH11, mutated NPM1 without FLT3- ITD, biallelic mutated. Early referral for allogeneic HCT should also be considered any AML patient in CR1 who are 60-years or older; regardless of cytogenetic or genomic information.
• Antecedent hematological disease (e.g., myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS))
• Treatment-related leukemia
• First relapse
• CR2 and beyond, if not previously evaluated.
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
(ALL) (adult defined as ≥ 40 years)

High-resolution HLA typing is recommended at diagnosis for all patients.
HCT consultation should take place early after initial diagnosis for all patients with ALL including:
• Primary induction failure
• Minimal residual disease after initial therapy
• CR1
• First relapse
• CR2 and beyond, if not previously evaluated
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Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

High-resolution HLA typing is recommended at diagnosis for all patients.
Any intermediate or high IPSS or IPSS-R score Any MDS with poor prognostic features, including:
• Treatment-related MDS
• Refractory cytopenias
• Adverse cytogenetics and molecular features
• Transfusion dependence
• Failure of hypomethylating agents or chemotherapy
• Moderate to severe marrow fibrosis
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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

• Inadequate hematologic or cytogenetic/molecular response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies
• Disease progression
• Intolerance to TKI therapies

• Accelerated phase
• Blast crisis (myeloid or lymphoid)
• T315l mutation
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Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN)
(including BCR-ABL–negative myeloproliferative neoplasms and later stages of polycythemia vera and essential thrombocytosis)

High resolution HLA typing is recommended at diagnosis for all patients Intermediate- or high-risk disease, including:
• High-risk cytogenetics
• Poor initial response or at progression
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Myelofibrosis (MF)

• DIPSS Intermediate-2 (INT-2) and high risk disease
• DIPSS Intermediate-1 (INT-1) with low platelet counts, refractory, red blood cell transfusion dependent, circulating blast cells > 2%, complex cytogenetics
• High risk driver mutations (ASXL1, EZH2, TET2, IDH1, IDH2, SRSF2, and TP53) or triple negative (lack of a driver mutation such as JAK2, MPL, or CALR) should be considered in decision making
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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)

• Second or greater relapse following chemoimmunotherapy
• Richter’s transformation
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Pediatric Acute Leukemias and Myelodysplasia

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

High-resolution HLA typing is recommended at diagnosis for all patients
Early after initial diagnosis, all patients with AML including:
• Age < 2 years at diagnosis
• Primary induction failure
• Minimal residual disease after initial therapy
• CR1 — except favorable risk AML [defined as:t(8;21)(q22;q22.1); RUNX1- RUNX1T1, inv(16)(p13.1q22) or t(16;16)(p13.1;q22);CBFB-MYH11, mutated NPM1 without FLT3-ITD or with FLT3-ITDlow, biallelic mutated CEBPA]
• Monosomy 5 or 7
• Treatment-related leukemia
• First relapse
• CR2 and beyond, if not previously evaluated
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) (age < 15 years)

• Infant at diagnosis
- unfavorable genetics
- age <3 months with any WBC, or <6 months with WBC >300,000 at presentation
• Primary induction failure
• Presence of measurable (also called minimal) residual disease after initial therapy
• High/very high-risk CR1 including:
- Philadelphia chromosome positive slow-TKI responders or with IKZF1 deletions; Philadelphia-like
- iAMP21
- 11q23 rearrangement
• First relapse
• CR2 and beyond, if not previously evaluated
• Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy (CAR-T)
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
(adolescent and young adults age 15-39 years)

High-resolution HLA typing is recommended at diagnosis for all patients
• Primary induction failure
• Presence of measurable (also called minimal) residual disease after initial therapy
• High/very high-risk CR1 including:
- Philadelphia chromosome positive or Philadelphia-like
- iAMP21
- 11q23 rearrangement
- B-cell with poor-risk cytogenetics
• First relapse
• CR2 and beyond, if not previously evaluated
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Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

• At diagnosis for all subtypes
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Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)

• At diagnosis
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Lymphomas

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Follicular

  • Poor response to initial treatment
  • Initial remission duration <24 months
  • First relapse
  • Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

Diffuse Large B-Cell

  • Primary induction failure, including residual PET avid disease
  • First relapse
  • CR2 or subsequent remission
  • Double or triple hit (MYC and BCL-2 and/or BCL-6) – at diagnosis
  • Primary CNS lymphoma at diagnosis PIF or first relapse

High Grade B-Cell

  • MYC and BCL-2 and/or BCL-6 rearrangements
  • Primary induction failure
  • CR1
  • First relapse
  • CR2 or subsequent remission

Mantle Cell

  • At diagnosis
  • First relapse
  • Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) intolerant or resistant disease

Mature T-cell

  • CR1
  • First relapse

Other High-Risk Lymphomas

  • At diagnosis
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Hodgkin Lymphoma

• Primary induction failure
• First relapse
• CR2 or subsequent remission
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Other Malignant Diseases

Germ Cell Tumors

  • Poor initial response
  • Short initial remission

Neuroblastoma

  • INSS stage 2 or 3 at diagnosis
    • MYCN amplification (>4x above reference)
  • INSS stage 4 at diagnosis
    • MYCN amplification (>4x above reference)
    • age >18 months at diagnosis
    • age 12-18 months with unfavorable characteristics
  • Metastatic disease at diagnosis
  • Progressive disease while on therapy or relapsed disease

Ewing Family of Tumors

  • Metastatic disease at diagnosis
  • First relapse or CR2

Medulloblastoma

  • First relapse or CR2
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Multiple Myeloma

• At diagnosis
​​​​​​​• At first progression
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Non-Malignant Disorders

Immune Deficiency Diseases

(including severe comgined imunodeficiency syndromes, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, Omenn syndrome, X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome, severe congenital neutropenia and others)

  • At diagnosis or if detected on newborn screening

Inherited Metabolic Disorders

(including Hurler syndrome, adrenoleukodystrophy, and others)

  • At diagnosis or if detected on newborn screening

Hemoglobinopathies

Sickle Cell Disease

  • Children with available matched sibling donor
  • All patients with aggressive course (stroke, end-organ complications, frequent pain crises)
  • All patients with an alternative donor option and any of the following:
  • Stroke or silent cerebral infarct or cognitive impairment >24 hours
  • ≥2 episodes of acute check syndrome/2 year period [or] ‘Recurrent’ acute chest syndrome’
  • Regular red blood cell transfusion therapy (8 or more per year)
  • Tricuspid value regurgitant jet (TRJ) velocity ≥2.7 m/sec
  • Chronic pain ≥6 months (leg ulcers, avascular necrosis) BMT CTN 1507 criteria only - in blue
  • Abnormal transcranial Doppler (TCD) velocity of ≥200 cm/sec or >185 cm/sec with intracranial vasculopathy
  • Silent cerebral infarct
  • ≥3 severe vaso-occlusive pain crises per 2-year period

Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemias

  • At diagnosis

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)

  • At diagnosis

Severe Aplastic Anemia and Other Marrow Failure Syndromes
(including Fanconi anemia, Diamond-Blackfan anemia, Shwachman- Diamond syndrome and others)

  • At diagnosis

Systemic Sclerosis

  • At diagnosis or with diffuse disease, with increasing skin tightness score (modified Rodnan skin score, [mRSS]) and evidence of decrease (<80%) in % predicted pulmonary function tests: forced vital capacity (FVC) or/and diffusion capacity (DLCO).

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

  • After MS relapse, with ≥2 relapse episodes in past 3 years, while on disease modifying therapy. Refer patient prior to progression of severe disability: Patient must be able to walk 100 meters (with unilateral assistance: cane, crutch or brace).
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Recommendation Grading

Overview

Title

Transplant Referral Timing Guidelines

Authoring Organization

Publication Month/Year

January 1, 2021

Last Updated Month/Year

August 15, 2023

Document Type

Guideline

Country of Publication

US

Intended Users

Nurse, nurse practitioner, physician, physician assistant

Keywords

transplant, timing

Source Citation

National Marrow Donor Program® /Be The Match® and the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT). 2021 CONSULTATION GUIDELINES Recommended Timing for Transplant Consultation. (Jan 2021) National Marrow Donor Program.