Diagnosis And Treatment Of Adult Isthmic Spondylolisthesis

Isthmic spondylolisthesis is the anterior translation of one lumbar vertebra relative to the next caudal 17 segment as a result of an abnormality in the pars interarticularis. When symptomatic, this causes a 18 variable clinical syndrome of back and/or lower extremity pain, and may include varying degrees of 19 neurologic deficits at or below the level of the injury. (, )