Chronic Kidney Disease in HIV-Infected Patients
Key Points
Key Points
- The risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increased in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compared with the general population.
- In African Americans, HIV infection imparts a risk for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that is of similar magnitude to that of diabetes.
- -infected patients, including direct effects by HIVA constellation of potential factors contributes to excess kidney disease in HIV-infected patients, including direct effects by HIV infection, HIV-associated immune activation, drug toxicity, coinfection with hepatitis C virus, and a high prevalence of traditional kidney disease risk factors.
Diagnosis
...Dia...
...Monit...
...ecommends monitoring creatinine-ba...
...A suggests monitoring kidney damag...
...Evaluation...
...nds that the evaluation of new-ons...
...that HIV-infected patients with kidney disea...
...ssible, IDSA recommends establishing permanent...
...IDSA recommends avoiding the use of periphera...
...c Kidney Disease Classification According to G...
...ble 1. Classification of Albuminuria...
...2. Risk Factors for CKD and ESRD: Data From Studi...
...ble 3. Laboratory Indicators of Proximal Tubul...
Treatment
...Managemen...
...recommends that clinicians prescribe...
...recommends that clinicians use either th...
...that patients with biopsy-confirmed or clin...
...nfected with HIV who have a GFR...
...vir-treated patients who experienc...
...Cardiovasc...
...ds using angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)...
...that HIV-infected individuals with pre-ESR...
...suggests that clinicians consider prescribin...
...Blood Pressu...
...SA recommends a target blood pressu...
...suggests a target blood pressure of 30-300 mg/day...
...Corticosteroids...
...uggests that clinicians consider corticoster...
...K...
...recommends that HIV providers assess p...
...DSA recommends that HIV providers assess pa...
Children and Adolescents with HIV
...Childre...
...Screening...
...adults, IDSA recommends that children and...
IDSA suggests avoiding tenofovir as part of first-...
...ecommends that children and adolescents...
...gests using ACE inhibitors or ARBs to tr...
...DSA suggests that corticosteroids NOT...
.... Dosing of Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV-Infected...