Tuberculosis Diagnosis Adults and Children
Key Points
Key Points
Transmission
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is transmitted from person to person via the airborne route. Several factors determine the probability of Mtb transmission:
- Infectiousness of the source patient: A positive sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) or a cavity on chest radiograph are strongly associated with infectiousness.
- Host susceptibility of the contact.
- Duration of exposure of the contact to the source patient.
- The environment in which the exposure takes place. A small, poorly ventilated space provides the highest risk.
- Infectiousness of the Mtb strain.
- Those who are household contacts and are exposed to patients who are smear positive have higher rates of both infection and disease.
- Medical procedures that generate aerosols of respiratory secretions, such as sputum induction and bronchoscopy, entail significant risk for Mtb transmission unless proper precautions are taken.
Diagnosis
...agnosi...
...g for Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI)...
...recommends performing an interferon-γ release...
...nel suggests performing an IGRA rather tha...
...anel suggests performing an IGRA instead o...
...panel suggests a second diagnostic test if...
...suggests performing a TST rather than a...
Testing for TB Disease
...ecommends that acid-fast bacilli (AFB)...
...gests that both liquid and solid mycobacterial c...
...suggests performing a diagnostic nucleic acid...
...recommends performing rapid molecular dru...
...anel suggests mycobacterial culture of respirator...
...ggests sputum induction rather than flexible...
...gests flexible bronchoscopic sampling, rather...
...sts that postbronchoscopy sputum spe...
...nel suggests flexible bronchoscopic samplin...
...suggests that cell counts and chemistries...
...panel suggests that adenosine deaminase leve...
...ggests that free IFN-γ levels be measured, r...
...ggests that AFB smear microscopy be performed,...
...l recommends that mycobacterial cul...
...sts that NAAT be performed, rather...
...l suggests that histological examination...
...recommends a culture isolate from each m...
...al Laboratory Tests for the Detection of MtbHa...
...gm for Evaluation of Those with LTBI Base...
...y of Recommendations for Testing fo...