Tuberculosis Diagnosis Adults and Children
Key Points
Key Points
Transmission
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is transmitted from person to person via the airborne route. Several factors determine the probability of Mtb transmission:
- Infectiousness of the source patient: A positive sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) or a cavity on chest radiograph are strongly associated with infectiousness.
- Host susceptibility of the contact.
- Duration of exposure of the contact to the source patient.
- The environment in which the exposure takes place. A small, poorly ventilated space provides the highest risk.
- Infectiousness of the Mtb strain.
- Those who are household contacts and are exposed to patients who are smear positive have higher rates of both infection and disease.
- Medical procedures that generate aerosols of respiratory secretions, such as sputum induction and bronchoscopy, entail significant risk for Mtb transmission unless proper precautions are taken.
Diagnosis
...Diagnosis...
...Testing for Latent...
...ecommends performing an interferon-γ r...
...ts performing an IGRA rather than a TST in all...
...uggests performing an IGRA instead...
...ggests a second diagnostic test if the i...
...sts performing a TST rather than an IGRA i...
...Testing for TB Di...
...el recommends that acid-fast bacilli (AFB)...
...sts that both liquid and solid mycobacteria...
The panel suggests performing a di...
...nel recommends performing rapid molecular drug s...
...anel suggests mycobacterial culture of respi...
The panel suggests sputum inductio...
...uggests flexible bronchoscopic sampling, rather...
...he panel suggests that postbronchoscopy sput...
...uggests flexible bronchoscopic sampling, rathe...
...he panel suggests that cell counts and che...
...uggests that adenosine deaminase levels be mea...
...anel suggests that free IFN-γ levels be mea...
...e panel suggests that AFB smear microscopy be per...
...recommends that mycobacterial cultures...
...nel suggests that NAAT be performed, r...
...panel suggests that histological examinatio...
...ommends a culture isolate from eac...
...al Laboratory Tests for the Detection...
...gm for Evaluation of Those with LTBI Based...
...e 2. Summary of Recommendations for...