Tuberculosis Diagnosis Adults and Children
Key Points
Key Points
Transmission
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is transmitted from person to person via the airborne route. Several factors determine the probability of Mtb transmission:
- Infectiousness of the source patient: A positive sputum smear for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) or a cavity on chest radiograph are strongly associated with infectiousness.
- Host susceptibility of the contact.
- Duration of exposure of the contact to the source patient.
- The environment in which the exposure takes place. A small, poorly ventilated space provides the highest risk.
- Infectiousness of the Mtb strain.
- Those who are household contacts and are exposed to patients who are smear positive have higher rates of both infection and disease.
- Medical procedures that generate aerosols of respiratory secretions, such as sputum induction and bronchoscopy, entail significant risk for Mtb transmission unless proper precautions are taken.
Diagnosis
...agnosis
...or Latent Tuberculosis Infection...
...recommends performing an interferon-γ...
The panel suggests performing an IGRA...
...ts performing an IGRA instead of a TST in...
...gests a second diagnostic test if...
...ests performing a TST rather than an IGRA in...
...esting for TB D...
...el recommends that acid-fast bacilli (...
...he panel suggests that both liquid and solid myco...
...suggests performing a diagnostic nuclei...
...panel recommends performing rapid molecular...
...ests mycobacterial culture of respiratory sp...
...suggests sputum induction rather than flexibl...
...anel suggests flexible bronchoscopic sampling, r...
...ests that postbronchoscopy sputum specimens be c...
...suggests flexible bronchoscopic sampling, rathe...
...ggests that cell counts and chemistries be perf...
...e panel suggests that adenosine deaminase levels...
...sts that free IFN-γ levels be measured, ra...
...nel suggests that AFB smear microscopy be...
...ecommends that mycobacterial cultures b...
The panel suggests that NAAT be performed,...
...e panel suggests that histological exam...
...panel recommends a culture isolate from...
...ential Laboratory Tests for the Det...
...e 1. Paradigm for Evaluation of Tho...
...Summary of Recommendations for Testing fo...