Immune-related Adverse Events from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Key Points
Key Points
- Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of many different types of cancers.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPi) targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), and PD ligand 1 (PD-L1) work by preventing the receptors and ligands from binding to each other, thereby disrupting signaling so that T-cells can recognize and attack cancer cells. They are currently the standard of care in the treatment of several cancers, including a variety of solid-organ and hematological malignancies.
- The use of ICPis is rising exponentially, with approximately 40% of patients with cancer in the United States in 2019 eligible for treatment with ICPis.
- Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is associated with a spectrum of side effects that is quite different from other systemic therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy.
- Moderate to severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) may be associated with life-threatening declines in organ function and quality of life, and fatal outcomes have been reported.
Key Recommendations
...Recommendation...
...e general recommendations that shou...
...ommended that clinicians manage tox...
...dations in this guideline are consensus...
Treatment
...eatmen...
...osuppressive AgentsHaving trouble vi...
...Commonly Conducted Testing at Baseline Prior to...
...A4. Commonly Conducted Testing During irAE Man...
...able 1. Cutaneous ToxicitiesHaving trouble view...
...ble 2. Gastrointestinal (GI) ToxicitiesHaving t...
...xicitiesHaving trouble viewing tabl...
...docrine ToxicitiesHaving trouble viewing ta...
...culoskeletal ToxicitiesHaving troubl...
...l ToxicitiesHaving trouble viewing table? Expand...
...7. Nervous System ToxicitiesHaving trouble view...
...ologic ToxicitiesHaving trouble viewing table?...
...able 9. Cardiovascular ToxicitiesHaving trouble vi...
...ular ToxicitiesHaving trouble viewing tab...