Consistent engagement with current medical literature enables clinicians to apply the latest evidence-based treatment and integrate research into clinical practice. This approach enhances patient outcomes by facilitating more effective and individualized care.

Today, we’re showcasing some of the latest neurology-related articles published recently across medical journals. The topics in today’s rundown include Alzheimer's disease, transient ischemic attack, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Alzheimer’s Disease Articles

Association Between Toxoplasma gondii Seropositivity and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Case-Control Study

  • Parasitology Research
  • June 2026
  • Description: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition marked by declining cognitive function and memory deterioration. Emerging evidence suggests that infectious agents, including Toxoplasma gondii, may contribute to the risk of developing this disorder.
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Atrophy Signature for Alpha‐Synuclein Copathology in Alzheimer's Disease

  • Alzheimer’s & Dementia
  • May 2026
  • Description: Brain atrophy patterns in Alzheimer's disease are well established, however, the contribution of alpha‐synuclein (α‐syn) copathology to these patterns remains unclear. This study investigates magnetic resonance imaging‐based atrophy patterns in Alzheimer’s disease patients with α‐syn copathology.
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Lecanemab Treatment Modulates Brain Volume and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pathways in Early Alzheimer's Disease: Insights From Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging

  • Alzheimer’s & Dementia
  • May 2026
  • Description: Lecanemab provides clinical benefits in early Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its longitudinal effects on brain structure, particularly cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartments, remain unclear. This study examined treatment‐associated structural changes using longitudinal MRI.
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Mid‐ and Late‐Life Depression Increases Risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias in Veterans

  • Alzheimer’s & Dementia
  • May 2026
  • Description: Using 20‐year data from the Veterans Health Administration's electronic health record, we explored associations between mid‐ and late‐life depression with incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).
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Transient Ischemic Attack Articles

Cortical Connectivity Abnormalities Assessed by TMS-EEG in Patients After a Transient Ischemic Attack

  • Clinical Neurophysiology
  • May 2026
  • Description: Non-motor symptoms following transient ischaemic attack may reflect disruption of cortical GABA-dependent functional connectivity. In this case series, [the researchers] quantified global cortical dynamics using the perturbational complexity index based on state transitions and intertrial coherence derived from transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography.
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Diagnostic Challenges in Internal Carotid Artery Fenestration: A 78-Year-Old Woman Presenting with Transient Ischemic Attack—A Case Report

  • Journal of Medical Case Reports
  • May 2026
  • Description: Internal carotid artery fenestration is a rare vascular anomaly that may present with transient ischemic attack symptoms due to localized flow disturbances. It is important to report such cases, as they present unique diagnostic challenges and clinical implications, particularly when associated with systemic vascular risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. Differentiating internal carotid artery fenestration from other conditions, such as internal carotid artery dissection, is crucial for appropriate management and patient outcomes.
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Discriminating Migraine Aura From Transient Ischemic Attack Using MRI-Based Oxygen Metabolism Mapping: A Preliminary Study

  • Headache
  • April 2026
  • Description: Migraine aura is a common acute stroke mimic. Distinguishing between migraine aura (MA) and ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) based solely on clinical presentation can be challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using routine protocols may not definitively differentiate MA from TIA. However, recent advances in the post-processing of dynamic susceptibility-weighted (DSC) perfusion MRI now enable an estimation of cerebral oxygen metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cerebral oxygen metabolism maps on the differential diagnosis between MA and TIA.
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Articles

Multimodal Analysis of Cell-Free DNA Identifies Epigenetic Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Diagnosis and Progression

  • The Journal of Clinical Investigation
  • June 2026
  • Description: The role of the epigenome in age-related neurodegenerative disorders remains understudied. Here, we analyzed circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from blood to detect methylation changes as a liquid biopsy for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
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Cortical Changes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Comparing Biomarkers of Glymphatic Flow and Cortical Excitability

  • Clinical Neurophysiology
  • May 2026
  • Description: The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) involves a multistep process, with a central role for cortical hyperexcitability and misfolded protein accumulation. The glymphatic system mediates clearance of misfolded proteins, yet its role in modulating cortical excitability is unknown. This study aims to determine whether glymphatic dysfunction is associated with cortical hyperexcitability, thereby linking impaired protein clearance to excitotoxic neurodegeneration in ALS.
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Association Between Body Composition and Disease Progression in Adults With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • BMC Neurology
  • May 2026
  • Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor neuron degeneration, muscle wasting, and respiratory failure, with a median survival of 30 months. Due to the strong link between dysphagia, weight loss, and disease progression, this study investigates the relationship between body composition and clinical outcomes in ALS adults.
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