In this post, we will be taking a closer look at some of the most popular gastroenterology-related articles recently published across medical journals.

Mechanisms of metastatic colorectal cancer

  • Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
  • May 2024
  • Despite extensive research and improvements in understanding colorectal cancer (CRC), its metastatic form continues to pose a substantial challenge, primarily owing to limited therapeutic options and a poor prognosis. This Review addresses the emerging focus on metastatic CRC (mCRC), which has historically been under-studied compared with primary CRC despite its lethality. We delve into two crucial aspects: the molecular and cellular determinants facilitating CRC metastasis and the principles guiding the evolution of metastatic disease.

A biomarker-stratified comparison of top-down versus accelerated step-up treatment strategies for patients with newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease (PROFILE): a multicentre, open-label randomised controlled trial

  • The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology
  • May 2024
  • Management strategies and clinical outcomes vary substantially in patients newly diagnosed with Crohn’s disease. We evaluated the use of a putative prognostic biomarker to guide therapy by assessing outcomes in patients randomised to either top-down (ie, early combined immunosuppression with infliximab and immunomodulator) or accelerated step-up (conventional) treatment strategies.

Mechanisms and management of loss of response to anti-TNF therapy for patients with Crohn’s disease: 3-year data from the prospective, multicentre PANTS cohort study

  • The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology
  • June 2024
  • We sought to report the effectiveness of infliximab and adalimumab over the first 3 years of treatment and to define the factors that predict anti-TNF treatment failure and the strategies that prevent or mitigate loss of response.

Effect of Brain-gut Behavioral Treatments on Abdominal Pain in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

  • Gastroenterology
  • May 2024
  • Some brain-gut behavioral treatments (BGBTs) are beneficial for global symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). US management guidelines suggest their use in patients with persistent abdominal pain but their specific effect on this symptom has not been assessed systematically.

Use of DPP4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Intestinal Obstruction: Scandinavian Cohort Study

  • Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • June 2024
  • Concerns have been raised that the incretin-based diabetes drugs dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists may increase the risk of intestinal obstruction. We aimed to assess the association between use of DPP4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists and the risk of intestinal obstruction.

Long-Term Natural History of Autoimmune Gastritis: Results From a Prospective Monocentric Series

  • The American Journal of Gastroenterology
  • May 2024
  • The natural history of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) has been poorly described. In this study, we report the long-term natural history and clinical clustering of the full spectrum of AIG, from the potential to the complicated stage.

Impact of study design on adenoma detection in the evaluation of artificial intelligence–aided colonoscopy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

  • Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
  • May 2024
  • Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported that artificial intelligence (AI) improves endoscopic polyp detection. Different methodologies-namely, parallel and tandem designs-have been used to evaluate the efficacy of AI-assisted colonoscopy in RCTs. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have reported a pooled effect that includes both study designs. However, it is unclear whether there are inconsistencies in the reported results of these 2 designs. Here, we aimed to determine whether study characteristics moderate between-trial differences in outcomes when evaluating the effectiveness of AI-assisted polyp detection.

A multimodal atlas of hepatocellular carcinoma reveals convergent evolutionary paths and ‘bad apple’ effect on clinical trajectory

  • Journal of Hepatology
  • May 2024
  • Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a highly fatal cancer characterized by high intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH). A panoramic understanding of its tumor evolution, in relation to its clinical trajectory, may provide novel prognostic and treatment strategies.

Magnetic Compression Anastomosis for the Treatment of Complete Biliary Obstruction After Cholecystectomy

  • Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
  • May 2024
  • Post-cholecystectomy biliary strictures can be treated surgically or non-surgically. Although endoscopic or percutaneous treatments are the preferred approaches, these methods are not feasible in cases where complete stricture occlusion prevents the successful passage of a guidewire. The utility of magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) in patients with post-cholecystectomy complete biliary obstruction that cannot be treated conventionally was evaluated.

Bacterial Sphingolipids Exacerbate Colitis by Inhibiting ILC3-derived IL-22 Production

  • Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology
  • May 2024
  • Gut bacterial sphingolipids, primarily produced by Bacteroidetes, have dual roles as bacterial virulence factors and regulators of the host mucosal immune system, including regulatory T cells and invariant natural killer T cells. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease display altered sphingolipids profiles in fecal samples. However, how bacterial sphingolipids modulate mucosal homeostasis and regulate intestinal inflammation remains unclear.

There you have it – a look at some of the most popular urology publications released in May and June 2024. Sign up for alerts and stay informed on the latest published guidelines and articles.

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